Waves on the boundary of our magnetic shield, the magnetosphere, act as a source of electrical currents in space that flow between outer space and the ionised top of our atmosphere. We develop a simple numerical model of how these waves couple to different regions of geospace to determine their likely impacts in the context of space weather and how these vary with conditions. We find the waves’ impacts can be significant, though are typically highly localised.

Long-term analysis of 16 solar eclipses over south-central Chile using historical ionograms (1958–2024). Layer-dependent ionospheric responses were quantified, and fragile analog records were rescued and digitized, providing unique insights into eclipse-induced ionospheric variability.

We provide an introduction and overview about the initial Submillimetre Wave Instrument (SWI) characterization, operation, and in-flight calibration during the Lunar Earth Gravity Assist (LEGA) campaign of the Juice (Jupiter icy moons) spacecraft. A preliminary analysis on the frequency calibration is provided. For detailed analyses on total power and beam calibration and the observation and operations planning we refer to three other SWI papers prepared for this special issue of Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).