Waves on the boundary of our magnetic shield, the magnetosphere, act as a source of electrical currents in space that flow between outer space and the ionised top of our atmosphere. We develop a simple numerical model of how these waves couple to different regions of geospace to determine their likely impacts in the context of space weather and how these vary with conditions. We find the waves’ impacts can be significant, though are typically highly localised.

Long-term analysis of 16 solar eclipses over south-central Chile using historical ionograms (1958–2024). Layer-dependent ionospheric responses were quantified, and fragile analog records were rescued and digitized, providing unique insights into eclipse-induced ionospheric variability.

We provide an introduction and overview about the initial Submillimetre Wave Instrument (SWI) characterization, operation, and in-flight calibration during the Lunar Earth Gravity Assist (LEGA) campaign of the Juice (Jupiter icy moons) spacecraft. A preliminary analysis on the frequency calibration is provided. For detailed analyses on total power and beam calibration and the observation and operations planning we refer to three other SWI papers prepared for this special issue of Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).

We created a new computer model to study gravity waves, which are ripples in the atmosphere that affect weather and climate. Our research aimed to improve how these waves are simulated, as they play a key role in understanding atmospheric behavior. We developed a stable and efficient model that can model gravity waves in the atmosphere. Our method is fast and accurate, offering better tools for scientists to predict atmospheric changes.

Fourier spectral analysis is applied to the planetary geomagnetic index $A_p$ for the February 2001, 2003, and 2017 time intervals. 

This study shows the first observations of the upflow of ions in the Earth's ionosphere generated by ultra-low frequency waves. These waves are visible as auroral arcs. Using various instruments and models, their complex dynamics and the coupling between the ionosphere and magnetosphere were highlighted. Results show significant energy dissipation and currents, even from small-scale waves, highlighting the importance of a multi-instrument approach to understanding such phenomena.

Atmospheric winds at high altitudes (> 100 km) can play an important role in the electrodynamic processes that govern how ionospheric plasma interacts with Earth's neutral atmosphere. Here we investigate how a common idea in studies of ionospheric electrodynamics—that atmospheric winds can be ignored or represented via an average value—ignores the high variability of these winds. This variability forces a different formulation of the equations that govern ionosphere-thermosphere electrodynamics.

The High Accuracy Accelerometer calibrated data collected during the JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) Lunar Earth Gravity assist flyby was compared with predicted non-gravitational signals derived from analytical models, showing good agreement. Moon gravity gradient and thermoelastic displacement of solar array during the penumbra phases have been detected. High Accurate Accelerometer detected also unexpected signals such as instrument interference and outgassing event.