Articles | Volume 41, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-409-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-409-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular paper
| 
18 Oct 2023
Regular paper |
| 18 Oct 2023
| 18 Oct 2023
Inferring neutral winds in the ionospheric transition region from atmospheric-gravity-wave traveling-ionospheric-disturbance (AGW-TID) observations with the EISCAT VHF radar and the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster
Florian Günzkofer
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Neustrelitz, Germany
Dimitry Pokhotelov
Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Gunter Stober
Institute of Applied Physics and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, Microwave Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Ingrid Mann
Institute of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
Sharon L. Vadas
North West Research Associates (NWRA), Boulder, Colorado, USA
Erich Becker
North West Research Associates (NWRA), Boulder, Colorado, USA
Anders Tjulin
EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden
Alexander Kozlovsky
Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Masaki Tsutsumi
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tokyo, Japan
Njål Gulbrandsen
Tromsø Geophysical Observatory, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
Satonori Nozawa
Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Mark Lester
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Evgenia Belova
Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF), Kiruna, Sweden
Johan Kero
Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF), Kiruna, Sweden
Nicholas J. Mitchell
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
Claudia Borries
Institute for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Neustrelitz, Germany
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The Earth’s magnetic field is not closed at high latitudes. Electrically charged particles can penetrate the Earth’s atmosphere, deposit their energy, and heat the local atmosphere-ionosphere. This presumably causes an upwelling of the neutral atmosphere which affects the atmosphere-ionosphere coupling. We apply a new analysis technique to infer the atmospheric density from incoherent scatter radar measurements. We show qualitatively how particle precipitation affects the neutral atmosphere.
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Electric currents in the ionosphere can impact both satellite and ground-based infrastructure. These currents depend strongly on the collisions of ions and neutral particles. Measuring ion–neutral collisions is often only possible via certain assumptions. The direct measurement of ion–neutral collision frequencies is possible with multifrequency incoherent scatter radar measurements. This paper presents one analysis method of such measurements and discusses its advantages and disadvantages.
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Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10187–10207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10187-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10187-2024, 2024
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Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2024-13, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2024-13, 2024
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EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2474, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2474, 2024
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Peter Dalin, Urban Brändström, Johan Kero, Peter Voelger, Takanori Nishiyama, Trond Trondsen, Devin Wyatt, Craig Unick, Vladimir Perminov, Nikolay Pertsev, and Jonas Hedin
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1561–1576, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1561-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1561-2024, 2024
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Florian Günzkofer, Gunter Stober, Dimitry Pokhotelov, Yasunobu Miyoshi, and Claudia Borries
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5897–5907, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5897-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5897-2023, 2023
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Electric currents in the ionosphere can impact both satellite and ground-based infrastructure. These currents depend strongly on the collisions of ions and neutral particles. Measuring ion–neutral collisions is often only possible via certain assumptions. The direct measurement of ion–neutral collision frequencies is possible with multifrequency incoherent scatter radar measurements. This paper presents one analysis method of such measurements and discusses its advantages and disadvantages.
Juliana Jaen, Toralf Renkwitz, Huixin Liu, Christoph Jacobi, Robin Wing, Aleš Kuchař, Masaki Tsutsumi, Njål Gulbrandsen, and Jorge L. Chau
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14871–14887, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14871-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14871-2023, 2023
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Investigation of winds is important to understand atmospheric dynamics. In the summer mesosphere and lower thermosphere, there are three main wind flows: the mesospheric westward, the mesopause southward (equatorward), and the lower-thermospheric eastward wind. Combining almost 2 decades of measurements from different radars, we study the trend, their interannual oscillations, and the effects of the geomagnetic activity over these wind maxima.
Guochun Shi, Witali Krochin, Eric Sauvageat, and Gunter Stober
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9137–9159, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9137-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9137-2023, 2023
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We present the interannual and climatological behavior of ozone and water vapor from microwave radiometers in the Arctic.
By defining a virtual conjugate latitude station in the Southern Hemisphere, we investigate altitude-dependent interhemispheric differences and estimate the ascent and descent rates of water vapor in both hemispheres. Ozone and water vapor measurements will create a deeper understanding of the evolution of middle atmospheric ozone and water vapor.
Nobuo Matuura, Ryoichi Fujii, and Satonori Nozawa
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 61–69, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-61-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-61-2023, 2023
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This paper describes the details of the Japan's participation in the EISCAT Radar Scientific Association as the 7th associate country approved in 1995, emphasizing strong collaboration with Norwegian scientists and the EISCAT Radar Scientific Association towards the realization of the Svalbard second antenna. Also described is a brief summary of Japanese EISCAT-related scientific achievement, comprehensive scientific collaborations so far between Japan and Europe, and hopes for EISCAT_3D.
Gunter Stober, Alan Liu, Alexander Kozlovsky, Zishun Qiao, Witali Krochin, Guochun Shi, Johan Kero, Masaki Tsutsumi, Njål Gulbrandsen, Satonori Nozawa, Mark Lester, Kathrin Baumgarten, Evgenia Belova, and Nicholas Mitchell
Ann. Geophys., 41, 197–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-197-2023, 2023
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The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai volcanic eruption was one of the most vigorous volcanic explosions in the last centuries. The eruption launched many atmospheric waves traveling around the Earth. In this study, we identify these volcanic waves at the edge of space in the mesosphere/lower-thermosphere, leveraging wind observations conducted with multi-static meteor radars in northern Europe and with the Chilean Observation Network De Meteor Radars (CONDOR).
Tinna L. Gunnarsdottir, Arne Poggenpohl, Ingrid Mann, Alireza Mahmoudian, Peter Dalin, Ingemar Haeggstroem, and Michael Rietveld
Ann. Geophys., 41, 93–114, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-93-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-93-2023, 2023
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Temperatures at 85 km around Earth's poles in summer can be so cold that small ice particles form. These can become charged, and, combined with turbulence at these altitudes, they can influence the many electrons present. This can cause large radar echoes called polar mesospheric summer echoes. We use radio waves to heat these echoes on and off when the sun is close to or below the horizon. This allows us to gain some insight into these ice particles and how the sun influences the echoes.
Andreas Kvammen, Kristoffer Wickstrøm, Samuel Kociscak, Jakub Vaverka, Libor Nouzak, Arnaud Zaslavsky, Kristina Rackovic Babic, Amalie Gjelsvik, David Pisa, Jan Soucek, and Ingrid Mann
Ann. Geophys., 41, 69–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-69-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-69-2023, 2023
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Collisional fragmentation of asteroids, comets and meteoroids is the main source of dust in the solar system. The dust distribution is however uncharted and the role of dust in the solar system is largely unknown. At present, the interplanetary medium is explored by the Solar Orbiter spacecraft. We present a novel method, based on artificial intelligence, that can be used for detecting dust impacts in Solar Orbiter observations with high accuracy, advancing the study of dust in the solar system.
Qiuyu Chen, Konstantin Ntokas, Björn Linder, Lukas Krasauskas, Manfred Ern, Peter Preusse, Jörn Ungermann, Erich Becker, Martin Kaufmann, and Martin Riese
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7071–7103, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7071-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7071-2022, 2022
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Observations of phase speed and direction spectra as well as zonal mean net gravity wave momentum flux are required to understand how gravity waves reach the mesosphere–lower thermosphere and how they there interact with background flow. To this end we propose flying two CubeSats, each deploying a spatial heterodyne spectrometer for limb observation of the airglow. End-to-end simulations demonstrate that individual gravity waves are retrieved faithfully for the expected instrument performance.
Yuan Xia, Jing Jiao, Satonori Nozawa, Xuewu Cheng, Jihong Wang, Chunhua Shi, Lifang Du, Yajuan Li, Haoran Zheng, Faquan Li, and Guotao Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13817–13831, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13817-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13817-2022, 2022
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The layer of sodium atoms is generally located above 80 km. This study reports the significant enhancements of the sodium layer below 75 km where sodium atoms are short-lived. The neutral chemical reactions were suggested as making a critical contribution. The reported results provide clear observational evidence for the role of planetary waves in the variation of metal layers, and have implications for the response of the metal layers to perturbations in the lower atmosphere.
Gunter Stober, Alan Liu, Alexander Kozlovsky, Zishun Qiao, Ales Kuchar, Christoph Jacobi, Chris Meek, Diego Janches, Guiping Liu, Masaki Tsutsumi, Njål Gulbrandsen, Satonori Nozawa, Mark Lester, Evgenia Belova, Johan Kero, and Nicholas Mitchell
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5769–5792, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5769-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5769-2022, 2022
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Precise and accurate measurements of vertical winds at the mesosphere and lower thermosphere are rare. Although meteor radars have been used for decades to observe horizontal winds, their ability to derive reliable vertical wind measurements was always questioned. In this article, we provide mathematical concepts to retrieve mathematically and physically consistent solutions, which are compared to the state-of-the-art non-hydrostatic model UA-ICON.
Mizuki Fukizawa, Takeshi Sakanoi, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Yasunobu Ogawa, Keisuke Hosokawa, Björn Gustavsson, Kirsti Kauristie, Alexander Kozlovsky, Tero Raita, Urban Brändström, and Tima Sergienko
Ann. Geophys., 40, 475–484, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-475-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-475-2022, 2022
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The pulsating auroral generation mechanism has been investigated by observing precipitating electrons using rockets or satellites. However, it is difficult for such observations to distinguish temporal changes from spatial ones. In this study, we reconstructed the horizontal 2-D distribution of precipitating electrons using only auroral images. The 3-D aurora structure was also reconstructed. We found that there were both spatial and temporal changes in the precipitating electron energy.
Matthew J. Griffith and Nicholas J. Mitchell
Ann. Geophys., 40, 327–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-327-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-327-2022, 2022
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There is great scientific interest in extending atmospheric models, such as the Met Office’s Unified Model, upwards to include the upper atmosphere. Atmospheric tides are an important driver of circulation at these greater heights. This study provides a first in-depth analysis of the migrating and non-migrating components of these tides, examining important tidal properties. Our results show that the ExUM produces a rich spectrum of spatial components, with significant non-migrating components.
Phoebe Noble, Neil Hindley, Corwin Wright, Chihoko Cullens, Scott England, Nicholas Pedatella, Nicholas Mitchell, and Tracy Moffat-Griffin
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-150, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
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We use long term radar data and the WACCM-X model to study the impact of dynamical phenomena, including the 11-year solar cycle, ENSO, QBO and SAM, on Antarctic mesospheric winds. We find that in summer, the zonal wind (both observationally and in the model) is strongly correlated with the solar cycle. We also see important differences in the results from the other processes. In addition we find important and large biases in the winter model zonal winds relative to the observations.
Kyoko K. Tanaka, Ingrid Mann, and Yuki Kimura
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5639–5650, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5639-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5639-2022, 2022
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We have investigated the nucleation process of noctilucent clouds observed in the mesosphere using a theoretical approach, where we adopt a more accurate model called the semi-phenomenological model for the nucleation process. We obtained an important result that rejects one of the two dominant nucleation mechanisms that have been proposed. Our results show it is extremely difficult for homogeneous nucleation of water to occur in the mesosphere, while heterogeneous nucleation occurs effectively.
Witali Krochin, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, David Kuhl, Axel Murk, and Gunter Stober
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2231–2249, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2231-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2231-2022, 2022
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This study leverages atmospheric temperature measurements performed with a ground-based radiometer making use of data that was collected during a 4-year observational campaign applying a new retrieval algorithm that improves the maximal altitude range from 45 to 55 km. The measurements are validated against two independent data sets, MERRA2 reanalysis data and the meteorological analysis of NAVGEM-HA.
Sumanta Sarkhel, Gunter Stober, Jorge L. Chau, Steven M. Smith, Christoph Jacobi, Subarna Mondal, Martin G. Mlynczak, and James M. Russell III
Ann. Geophys., 40, 179–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-179-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-179-2022, 2022
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A rare gravity wave event was observed on the night of 25 April 2017 over northern Germany. An all-sky airglow imager recorded an upward-propagating wave at different altitudes in mesosphere with a prominent wave front above 91 km and faintly observed below. Based on wind and satellite-borne temperature profiles close to the event location, we have found the presence of a leaky thermal duct layer in 85–91 km. The appearance of this duct layer caused the wave amplitudes to diminish below 91 km.
Juliana Jaen, Toralf Renkwitz, Jorge L. Chau, Maosheng He, Peter Hoffmann, Yosuke Yamazaki, Christoph Jacobi, Masaki Tsutsumi, Vivien Matthias, and Chris Hall
Ann. Geophys., 40, 23–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-23-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-23-2022, 2022
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To study long-term trends in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (70–100 km), we established two summer length definitions and analyzed the variability over the years (2004–2020). After the analysis, we found significant trends in the summer beginning of one definition. Furthermore, we were able to extend one of the time series up to 31 years and obtained evidence of non-uniform trends and periodicities similar to those known for the quasi-biennial oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation.
Christoph Jacobi, Friederike Lilienthal, Dmitry Korotyshkin, Evgeny Merzlyakov, and Gunter Stober
Adv. Radio Sci., 19, 185–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-185-2021, 2021
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We compare winds and tidal amplitudes in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere region for cases with disturbed and undisturbed geomagnetic conditions. The zonal winds in both the mesosphere and lower thermosphere tend to be weaker during disturbed conditions. The summer equatorward meridional wind jet is weaker for disturbed geomagnetic conditions. The effect of geomagnetic variability on tidal amplitudes, except for the semidiurnal tide, is relatively small.
Margaretha Myrvang, Carsten Baumann, and Ingrid Mann
Ann. Geophys., 39, 1055–1068, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1055-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1055-2021, 2021
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Our model calculations indicate that meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) influence both the magnitude and shape of the electron temperature during artificial heating. Others have found that current theoretical models most likely overestimate heating in the D-region compared to observations. In a future study, we will compare our results to observations of the electron temperature during heating to investigate if the presence of MSPs can explain the discrepancy between model and observations.
Gunter Stober, Alexander Kozlovsky, Alan Liu, Zishun Qiao, Masaki Tsutsumi, Chris Hall, Satonori Nozawa, Mark Lester, Evgenia Belova, Johan Kero, Patrick J. Espy, Robert E. Hibbins, and Nicholas Mitchell
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6509–6532, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6509-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6509-2021, 2021
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Wind observations at the edge to space, 70–110 km altitude, are challenging. Meteor radars have become a widely used instrument to obtain mean wind profiles above an instrument for these heights. We describe an advanced mathematical concept and present a tomographic analysis using several meteor radars located in Finland, Sweden and Norway, as well as Chile, to derive the three-dimensional flow field. We show an example of a gravity wave decelerating the mean flow.
Dimitry Pokhotelov, Isabel Fernandez-Gomez, and Claudia Borries
Ann. Geophys., 39, 833–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-833-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-833-2021, 2021
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During geomagnetic storms, enhanced solar wind and changes in the interplanetary magnetic field lead to ionisation anomalies across the polar regions. The superstorm of 20 November 2003 was one of the largest events in recent history. Numerical simulations of ionospheric dynamics during the storm are compared with plasma observations to understand the mechanisms forming the polar plasma anomalies. The results are important for understanding and forecasting space weather in polar regions.
Gunter Stober, Ales Kuchar, Dimitry Pokhotelov, Huixin Liu, Han-Li Liu, Hauke Schmidt, Christoph Jacobi, Kathrin Baumgarten, Peter Brown, Diego Janches, Damian Murphy, Alexander Kozlovsky, Mark Lester, Evgenia Belova, Johan Kero, and Nicholas Mitchell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13855–13902, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13855-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13855-2021, 2021
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Little is known about the climate change of wind systems in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at the edge of space at altitudes from 70–110 km. Meteor radars represent a well-accepted remote sensing technique to measure winds at these altitudes. Here we present a state-of-the-art climatological interhemispheric comparison using continuous and long-lasting observations from worldwide distributed meteor radars from the Arctic to the Antarctic and sophisticated general circulation models.
Joel P. Younger, Iain M. Reid, Chris L. Adami, Chris M. Hall, and Masaki Tsutsumi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 5015–5027, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5015-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5015-2021, 2021
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A radar in Svalbard usually used to study meteor trails was used to observe a thin icy layer in the upper atmosphere. New methods used the layer to measure wind speed over short periods of time and found that the layer is most reflective within 6.8 ± 3.3° of vertical. Analysis of meteor trail radar echo durations found that the layer may shorten meteor trail echoes, but more data are needed. This study shows new uses for data collected by meteor radars for other purposes.
Nadezda Yagova, Alexander Kozlovsky, Evgeny Fedorov, and Olga Kozyreva
Ann. Geophys., 39, 549–562, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-549-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-549-2021, 2021
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We present a study of ultralow-frequency waves in the ionosphere and on the ground. These waves are very slow (their periods are about several minutes). They are registered on the ground as geomagnetic pulsations. No simple dependence exists between geomagnetic and ionospheric pulsations. Here we study not only selected pulsations with very high amplitudes but also usual pulsations and try to answer the question, which pulsation parameters are favorable for modulation of the ionosphere?
Tarjei Antonsen, Ingrid Mann, Jakub Vaverka, Libor Nouzak, and Åshild Fredriksen
Ann. Geophys., 39, 533–548, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-533-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-533-2021, 2021
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This paper discusses the charge generation for impacts of nano- to micro-scale dust on metal surfaces at speeds below a few kilometres per second. By introducing a model of capacitive coupling between the dust and the impact surface, we find that at such low speeds, the charge can be dominated by contact charging as opposed to plasma generation.
Joshua Baptiste, Connor Williamson, John Fox, Anthony J. Stace, Muhammad Hassan, Stefanie Braun, Benjamin Stamm, Ingrid Mann, and Elena Besley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8735–8745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8735-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8735-2021, 2021
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Agglomeration of ice and dust particles in the mesosphere are studied, using classical electrostatic approaches which are extended to capture the induced polarisation of surface charge. The instances of strong attraction between particles of the same sign of charge are predicted, which take place at small separation distances and also lead to the formation of stable aggregates.
Emranul Sarkar, Alexander Kozlovsky, Thomas Ulich, Ilkka Virtanen, Mark Lester, and Bernd Kaifler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4157–4169, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4157-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4157-2021, 2021
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The biasing effect in meteor radar temperature has been a pressing issue for the last 2 decades. This paper has addressed the underlying reasons for such a biasing effect on both theoretical and experimental grounds. An improved statistical method has been developed which allows atmospheric temperatures at around 90 km to be measured with meteor radar in an independent way such that any subsequent bias correction or calibration is no longer required.
Daniel Kastinen, Johan Kero, Alexander Kozlovsky, and Mark Lester
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3583–3596, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3583-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3583-2021, 2021
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When a meteor enters the atmosphere, it causes a trail of diffusing plasma that moves with the neutral wind. An interferometric radar system can measure such trails and determine its location. However, there is a chance of determining the wrong position due to noise. We simulate this behaviour and use the simulations to successfully determine the true location of ambiguous events. We also successfully test two simple temporal integration methods for avoiding such erroneous determinations.
Viswanathan Lakshmi Narayanan, Satonori Nozawa, Shin-Ichiro Oyama, Ingrid Mann, Kazuo Shiokawa, Yuichi Otsuka, Norihito Saito, Satoshi Wada, Takuya D. Kawahara, and Toru Takahashi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2343–2361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2343-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2343-2021, 2021
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In the past, additional sodium peaks occurring above the main sodium layer of the upper mesosphere were discussed. Here, formation of an additional sodium peak below the main sodium layer peak is discussed in detail. The event coincided with passage of multiple mesospheric bores, which are step-like disturbances occurring in the upper mesosphere. Hence, this work highlights the importance of such mesospheric bores in causing significant changes to the minor species concentration in a short time.
Gunter Stober, Diego Janches, Vivien Matthias, Dave Fritts, John Marino, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, Kathrin Baumgarten, Wonseok Lee, Damian Murphy, Yong Ha Kim, Nicholas Mitchell, and Scott Palo
Ann. Geophys., 39, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1-2021, 2021
Daniel Kastinen and Johan Kero
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6813–6835, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6813-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6813-2020, 2020
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The behaviour of position determination with interferometric radar systems and possible ambiguities therein depends on the spatial configuration of the radar-receiving antennas and their individual characteristics. We have simulated the position determination performance of five different radar systems. These simulations showed that ambiguities are dynamic and need to be examined on a case-by-case basis. However, the simulations can be used to analyse and understand previously ambiguous data.
Masatoshi Yamauchi, Magnar G. Johnsen, Carl-Fredrik Enell, Anders Tjulin, Anna Willer, and Dmitry A. Sormakov
Ann. Geophys., 38, 1159–1170, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-1159-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-1159-2020, 2020
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The paper reports a new finding on space weather effects at around 70–75 ° geographic latitudes. We found that X flares cause an unexpectedly strong ionospheric current driven by solar flares. The effect is as large as a substorm that is known to cause strong auroras and may enhance ongoing substorms. However, it has been overlooked in the past due to the narrow latitudinal range at high latitudes. Since severe magnetic storms often occur with X flares, this may cause geomagnetic hazards.
Gunter Stober, Kathrin Baumgarten, John P. McCormack, Peter Brown, and Jerry Czarnecki
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11979–12010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11979-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11979-2020, 2020
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This paper presents a first cross-comparison of meteor ground-based observations and a meteorological analysis (NAVGEM-HA) to compare a seasonal climatology of winds and temperatures at the mesosphere/lower thermosphere. The validation is insofar unique as we not only compare the mean state but also provide a detailed comparison of the short time variability of atmospheric tidal waves. Our analysis questions previous results claiming the importance of lunar tides.
Leonie Bernet, Elmar Brockmann, Thomas von Clarmann, Niklaus Kämpfer, Emmanuel Mahieu, Christian Mätzler, Gunter Stober, and Klemens Hocke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11223–11244, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11223-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11223-2020, 2020
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With global warming, water vapour increases in the atmosphere. Water vapour is an important gas because it is a natural greenhouse gas and affects the formation of clouds, rain and snow. How much water vapour increases can vary in different regions of the world. To verify if it increases as expected on a regional scale, we analysed water vapour measurements in Switzerland. We found that water vapour generally increases as expected from temperature changes, except in winter.
Franziska Schranz, Jonas Hagen, Gunter Stober, Klemens Hocke, Axel Murk, and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10791–10806, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10791-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10791-2020, 2020
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We measured middle-atmospheric ozone, water vapour and zonal and meridional wind with two ground-based microwave radiometers which are located at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, in the Arctic. In this article we present measurements of the small-scale horizontal ozone gradients during winter 2018/2019. We found a distinct seasonal variation of the ozone gradients which is linked to the planetary wave activity. We further present the signatures of the SSW in the ozone, water vapour and wind measurements.
Carsten Baumann, Margaretha Myrvang, and Ingrid Mann
Ann. Geophys., 38, 919–930, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-919-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-919-2020, 2020
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Dust grains exist throughout our solar system. This dust is subject to destruction processes like sublimation and sputtering. Sputtering is the erosion of dust through the impact solar wind and can be very effective near the Sun. We performed calculations to find out how important the sputtering process is compared to the sublimation of dust. Recently launched spacecraft will probe the proximity of the Sun and measure the dust population. Our work will help to understand these measurements.
Vladimir V. Safargaleev, Alexander E. Kozlovsky, and Valery M. Mitrofanov
Ann. Geophys., 38, 901–918, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-901-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-901-2020, 2020
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Comprehensive analysis of a moderate substorm was performed using optical observations inside the auroral oval and in the polar cap, combined with data from satellites, radars, and ground magnetometers. The onset took place near the poleward boundary of the auroral oval that is not typical for classical substorms. The data fit to the near-tail current disruption scenario of the substorm onset. The role of the 15 min oscillations in the IMF Bz component in the substorm initiation is discussed.
Henriette Trollvik, Ingrid Mann, Sveinung Olsen, and Yngve Eilertsen
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-278, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-278, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
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We discuss the design of a rocket instrument to collect mesospheric dust consisting of ice with embedded non-volatile meteoric smoke particles. The instrument consists of a collection device and an attached conic funnel. We consider the dust trajectories in the airflow and fragmentation at the funnel. For summer atmospheric conditions at 85 km and assuming that the ice components vaporize we estimate that up to 1014 to 1015 amu of non-volatile dust material can be collected.
Sam Tuttle, Betty Lanchester, Björn Gustavsson, Daniel Whiter, Nickolay Ivchenko, Robert Fear, and Mark Lester
Ann. Geophys., 38, 845–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-845-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-845-2020, 2020
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Electric fields in the atmosphere near dynamic aurora are important in the physics of the electric circuit within the Earth's magnetic field. Oxygen ions emit light as they move under the influence of these electric fields; the flow of this emission is used to find the electric field at high temporal resolution. The solution needs two other simultaneous measurements of auroral emissions to give key parameters such as the auroral energy. The electric fields increase with brightness of the aurora.
Jonas Hagen, Klemens Hocke, Gunter Stober, Simon Pfreundschuh, Axel Murk, and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2367–2386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2367-2020, 2020
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The middle atmosphere (30 to 70 km altitude) is stratified and, despite very strong horizontal winds, there is less mixing between the horizontal layers. An important driver for the energy exchange between the layers in this regime is atmospheric tides, which are waves that are driven by the diurnal cycle of solar heating. We measure these tides in the wind field for the first time using a ground-based passive instrument. Ultimately, such measurements could be used to improve atmospheric models.
Ingrid Mann, Libor Nouzák, Jakub Vaverka, Tarjei Antonsen, Åshild Fredriksen, Karine Issautier, David Malaspina, Nicole Meyer-Vernet, Jiří Pavlů, Zoltan Sternovsky, Joan Stude, Shengyi Ye, and Arnaud Zaslavsky
Ann. Geophys., 37, 1121–1140, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-1121-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-1121-2019, 2019
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This work presents a review of dust measurements from spacecraft Cassini, STEREO, MMS, Cluster, Maven and WIND. We also consider the details of dust impacts and charge generation, and how different antenna signals can be generated. We compare observational data to laboratory experiments and simulations and discuss the consequences for dust observation with the new NASA Parker Solar Probe and ESA Solar Orbiter spacecraft.
Nadezda Yagova, Alexander Kozlovsky, Evgeny Fedorov, and Olga Kozyreva
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-155, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-155, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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We present a study of ultra-low-frequency waves in the ionosphere and on the ground (geomagnetic pulsations). They can influence particle flux in the magnetosphere, which modify the ionosphere. However, there is no simple dependence between geomagnetic and ionospheric pulsations. We study not only selected pulsations with very high amplitudes but also usual pulsations and try to answer the question, which pulsations' parameters are favorable for modulation of the ionosphere.
Robert Reichert, Bernd Kaifler, Natalie Kaifler, Markus Rapp, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Michael J. Taylor, Alexander Kozlovsky, Mark Lester, and Rigel Kivi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5997–6015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5997-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5997-2019, 2019
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To determine gravity wave properties like wavelengths, periods and propagation directions at mesospheric altitudes (∼ 86 km) we combine lidar and airglow temperature and meteor radar wind data. By means of wavelet transformation we investigate the wave field and determine intrinsic wave properties as functions of time and period. We are able to identify several gravity wave packets by their distinct propagation and discover a superposition with possible wave–wave and wave–mean-flow interaction.
Sven Wilhelm, Gunter Stober, and Peter Brown
Ann. Geophys., 37, 851–875, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-851-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-851-2019, 2019
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We report on long-term observations of atmospheric parameters in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere made over the last 2 decades for the northern-latitude locations of Andenes, Juliusruh, and Tavistock. The observations are based on meteor wind measurements and further include the long-term variability of winds, tides, and the kinetic energy of gravity waves and planetary waves. Furthermore, the influence on an 11-year oscillation on the winds and tides is presented.
Kathrin Baumgarten and Gunter Stober
Ann. Geophys., 37, 581–602, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-581-2019, 2019
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The paper presents the variability in thermal tides in the middle atmosphere from temperature observations as well as from horizontal wind data using a new diagnostic approach which takes into account a possible intermittency of tides. The data are analyzed from a local as well as from a global perspective to distinguish between different tidal modes. Surprisingly, there are dominating tidal modes, which are seen in the local data, and a phase relation between temperature and winds is evaluated.
Wen Yi, Xianghui Xue, Iain M. Reid, Damian J. Murphy, Chris M. Hall, Masaki Tsutsumi, Baiqi Ning, Guozhu Li, Robert A. Vincent, Jinsong Chen, Jianfei Wu, Tingdi Chen, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7567–7581, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7567-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7567-2019, 2019
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The seasonal variations in the mesopause densities, especially with regard to its global structure, are still unclear. In this study, we report the climatology of the mesopause density estimated using multiyear observations from nine meteor radars from Arctic to Antarctic latitudes. The results reveal a significant AO and SAO in mesopause density, an asymmetry between the two polar regions and evidence of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs), perhaps associated with the ISOs of the troposphere.
Dimitry Pokhotelov, Gunter Stober, and Jorge Luis Chau
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5251–5258, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5251-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5251-2019, 2019
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Twelve years of radar observations from a mid-latitude location in Kühlungsborn, Germany have been analysed to study characteristics of mesospheric summer echoes (MSEs). The statistical analysis shows that MSEs have a strong daytime preference and early summer seasonal preference. It is demonstrated that the meridional wind transport from polar regions is the important controlling factor for MSEs, while no clear connection to geomagnetic and solar activity is found.
Fazlul I. Laskar, Gunter Stober, Jens Fiedler, Meers M. Oppenheim, Jorge L. Chau, Duggirala Pallamraju, Nicholas M. Pedatella, Masaki Tsutsumi, and Toralf Renkwitz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5259–5267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5259-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5259-2019, 2019
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Meteor radars are used to track and estimate the fading time of meteor trails. In this investigation, it is observed that the diffusion time estimated from such trail fading time is anomalously higher during noctilucent clouds (NLC) than that in its absence. We propose that NLC particles absorb background electrons and thus modify the background electrodynamics, leading to such an anomaly.
Nikoloz Gudadze, Gunter Stober, and Jorge L. Chau
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4485–4497, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4485-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4485-2019, 2019
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We show a possibility of measuring mean vertical winds during the summer months using polar mesosphere summer echo (PMSE) observations. Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System observations of PMSE five-beam radial velocities are analysed to obtain the results. We found that sampling issues are the reason for bias in vertical wind measurements at the edges of PMSE altitudes. However, the PMSE is a good tracer for the mean vertical wind estimation at the central altitudes with its peak occurrence.
Sven Wilhelm, Gunter Stober, Vivien Matthias, Christoph Jacobi, and Damian J. Murphy
Ann. Geophys., 37, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-1-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-1-2019, 2019
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This study shows that the mesospheric winds are affected by an expansion–shrinking of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere that takes place due to changes in the intensity of the solar radiation, which affects the density within the atmosphere. On seasonal timescales, an increase in the neutral density occurs together with a decrease in the eastward-directed zonal wind. Further, even after removing the seasonal and the 11-year solar cycle variations, we show a connection between them.
Michael Gerding, Jochen Zöllner, Marius Zecha, Kathrin Baumgarten, Josef Höffner, Gunter Stober, and Franz-Josef Lübken
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15569–15580, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15569-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15569-2018, 2018
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We describe the first comparative study of noctilucent clouds (NLCs) and mesospheric summer echoes at midlatitudes. Therefore, this study compares fresh clouds (small particles) with fully evolved clouds in the mesosphere, hinting at their evolution. It is shown that, in contrast to higher latitudes, here only a thin layer of fresh particles exist above the NLCs. This gives evidence that NLCs are not formed locally but are typically advected. This needs to be acknowledged in trend studies.
Gunter Stober, Jorge L. Chau, Juha Vierinen, Christoph Jacobi, and Sven Wilhelm
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4891–4907, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4891-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4891-2018, 2018
J. Federico Conte, Jorge L. Chau, Fazlul I. Laskar, Gunter Stober, Hauke Schmidt, and Peter Brown
Ann. Geophys., 36, 999–1008, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-999-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-999-2018, 2018
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Based on comparisons of meteor radar measurements with HAMMONIA model simulations, we show that the differences exhibited by the semidiurnal solar tide (S2) observed at middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere between equinox times are mainly due to distinct behaviors of the migrating semidiurnal (SW2) and the non-migrating westward-propagating wave number 1 semidiurnal (SW1) tidal components.
Dimitry Pokhotelov, Erich Becker, Gunter Stober, and Jorge L. Chau
Ann. Geophys., 36, 825–830, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-825-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-825-2018, 2018
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Atmospheric tides are produced by solar heating of the lower atmosphere. The tides propagate to the upper atmosphere and ionosphere playing an important role in the vertical coupling. Ground radar measurements of the seasonal variability of tides are compared with global numerical simulations. The agreement with radar data and limitations of the numerical model are discussed. The work represents a first step in modelling the impact of tidal dynamics on the upper atmosphere and ionosphere.
Sabine Wüst, Thomas Offenwanger, Carsten Schmidt, Michael Bittner, Christoph Jacobi, Gunter Stober, Jeng-Hwa Yee, Martin G. Mlynczak, and James M. Russell III
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2937–2947, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2937-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2937-2018, 2018
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OH*-spectrometer measurements allow the analysis of gravity wave ground-based periods, but spatial information cannot necessarily be deduced. We combine the approach of Wachter at al. (2015) in order to derive horizontal wavelengths (but based on only one OH* spectrometer) with additional information about wind and temperature and compute vertical wavelengths. Knowledge of these parameters is a precondition for the calculation of further information such as the wave group velocity.
Gunter Stober, Svenja Sommer, Carsten Schult, Ralph Latteck, and Jorge L. Chau
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6721–6732, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6721-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6721-2018, 2018
Rolf Rüfenacht, Gerd Baumgarten, Jens Hildebrand, Franziska Schranz, Vivien Matthias, Gunter Stober, Franz-Josef Lübken, and Niklaus Kämpfer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1971–1987, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1971-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1971-2018, 2018
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Wind information throughout the middle-atmosphere is crucial for the understanding of atmospheric dynamics but became available only recently, thanks to developments in remote sensing and modelling approaches. We present the first thorough assessment of the quality of the wind estimates by comparing co-located observations from lidar and microwave radiometry and opposing them to the major atmospheric models. Moreover we evaluated a new approach for measuring mesopause region wind by radiometry.
Qiang Li, Markus Rapp, Gunter Stober, and Ralph Latteck
Ann. Geophys., 36, 577–586, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-577-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-577-2018, 2018
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With the powerful MAARSY radar, we detected 3D wind fields and the vertical winds show a non-Gaussian distribution. We further obtained the frequency spectrum of vertical wind. The distribution of the spectral slopes under different wind conditions is derived and their comparisons with the background horizontal winds show that the spectra become steeper with increasing wind velocities under quiet conditions, approach a slope of −5/3 at 10 m/s and then maintain this slope for even stronger winds.
Sven Wilhelm, Gunter Stober, and Jorge L. Chau
Ann. Geophys., 35, 893–906, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-893-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-893-2017, 2017
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A comparison between winds and tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere based on measurements from a meteor radar (MR) and a medium-frequency radar in northern Norway was done to estimate potential biases between the two systems. Our results indicate reasonable agreement for the zonal and meridional wind components between 78 and 92 km. Based on these findings, we have taken the MR data as a reference and thus construct a consistent and homogenous wind from approximately 60 to 110 km.
Gunter Stober, Vivien Matthias, Christoph Jacobi, Sven Wilhelm, Josef Höffner, and Jorge L. Chau
Ann. Geophys., 35, 711–720, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-711-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-711-2017, 2017
Ryosuke Shibuya, Kaoru Sato, Masaki Tsutsumi, Toru Sato, Yoshihiro Tomikawa, Koji Nishimura, and Masashi Kohma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6455–6476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6455-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6455-2017, 2017
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The first observations made by a complete PANSY radar system (Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS radar) installed at Syowa Station were successfully performed from 16 to 24 March 2015. Over this period, quasi-12 h period disturbances in the mesosphere at heights of 70 to 80 km were observed. Combining the observational data and numerical simulation outputs, we found that quasi-12 h disturbances are due to large-scale inertia–gravity waves, not to semi-diurnal migrating tides.
Qiang Li, Markus Rapp, Anne Schrön, Andreas Schneider, and Gunter Stober
Ann. Geophys., 34, 1209–1229, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-1209-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-1209-2016, 2016
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Turbulence is an essential process in the atmosphere and ocean. Clear-air turbulence is a well-known threat for the safety of aviation. Using a powerful MST radar, we detected turbulence and compared it with the results from radiosondes. The correlation between turbulence and background conditions, e.g., Richardson number and wind shears, is determined. There is a nearly negative correlation between turbulence and Richardson number independent of the length scale over which it was calculated.
Ch. Jacobi, N. Samtleben, and G. Stober
Adv. Radio Sci., 14, 169–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-169-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-14-169-2016, 2016
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VHF meteor radar observations of mesosphere/lower thermosphere daily temperatures have been performed at Collm, Germany. The data have been analyzed with respect to long-period oscillations at time scales of 2 to 30 days. The results reveal that oscillations with periods of up to 6 days are more frequently observed during summer, while those with longer periods have larger amplitudes during winter. The results are comparable with analyses from radar wind measurements.
Silje Eriksen Holmen, Chris M. Hall, and Masaki Tsutsumi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7853–7866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7853-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7853-2016, 2016
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Atmospheric temperatures at 90 km height above Tromsø, Norway, from 2003 to 2014 have been determined using meteor radar. Periodic oscillations ranging from ~ 9 days to a year were found in the dataset, which were related to the large-scale circulation in the middle atmosphere and with wave activity. A trend analysis was performed, revealing an overall weak cooling trend from 2003 to 2014, which is in line with other recent studies on mesopause region (~ 90 km) temperature trends.
Maria Mihalikova, Kaoru Sato, Masaki Tsutsumi, and Toru Sato
Ann. Geophys., 34, 543–555, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-543-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-543-2016, 2016
Juha Vierinen, Jorge L. Chau, Nico Pfeffer, Matthias Clahsen, and Gunter Stober
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 829–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-829-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-829-2016, 2016
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This paper describes the use of pseudorandom coded continuous wave radar transmissions for meteor radar. This avoids range-aliased echoes, maximizes pulse compression gain, is less susceptible to RFI, allows time resolution to be changed flexibly, and enables multiple transmitters to operate on the same frequency without interfering each other. These features make the radar well suited for multi-static meteor radar networks. We show results from a measurement campaign to demonstrate the method.
T. Renkwitz, C. Schult, R. Latteck, and G. Stober
Adv. Radio Sci., 13, 41–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-13-41-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-13-41-2015, 2015
H. Gunell, L. Andersson, J. De Keyser, and I. Mann
Ann. Geophys., 33, 1331–1342, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-1331-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-1331-2015, 2015
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In a simulation study of the downward current region of the aurora, i.e. where electrons are accelerated upward, double layers are seen to form at low altitude and move upward until they are disrupted at altitudes of ten thousand kilometres or thereabouts. When one double layer is disrupted a new one forms below, and the process repeats itself. The repeated demise and reformation allows ions to flow upward without passing through the double layers that otherwise would have kept them down.
J. Manninen, N. G. Kleimenova, A. Kozlovsky, I. A. Kornilov, L. I. Gromova, Y. V. Fedorenko, and T. Turunen
Ann. Geophys., 33, 991–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-991-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-991-2015, 2015
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A non-typical 1-4 kHz hiss was studied. It shows a sequence of separated noise bursts with strange “mushroom-like” shapes in the frequency-time domain, each lasting several minutes. This sequence could be a result of the modulation of the VLF hiss electron-cyclotron instability by Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations. This strange “mushroom-like” shape of the considered VLF hiss could be a combined mutual effect of the magnetospheric ULF-VLF wave interaction and the ionosphere waveguide propagation.
T. Takahashi, S. Nozawa, T. T. Tsuda, Y. Ogawa, N. Saito, T. Hidemori, T. D. Kawahara, C. Hall, H. Fujiwara, N. Matuura, A. Brekke, M. Tsutsumi, S. Wada, T. Kawabata, S. Oyama, and R. Fujii
Ann. Geophys., 33, 941–953, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-941-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-941-2015, 2015
D. Pokhotelov, I. J. Rae, K. R. Murphy, and I. R. Mann
Ann. Geophys., 33, 697–701, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-697-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-697-2015, 2015
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Solar wind impacts the Earth’s magnetic cavity driving waves in the magnetosphere. The waves in the range of few mHz are important for the dynamics of energetic particles trapped inside the magnetosphere. The average solar wind parameters are known to control of magnetospheric wave power. Here the variability of solar wind parameters, rather than average properties, is analysed. It is shown that the magnetospheric wave power is most sensitive to variations in the interplanetary magnetic field.
S. Kirkwood, A. Osepian, E. Belova, and Y.-S. Lee
Ann. Geophys., 33, 609–622, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-609-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-609-2015, 2015
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It is well known that occasional eruptions of very high energy protons from the Sun directly impact the middle atmosphere in the polar regions. This paper shows that much more frequent high-speed streams in the plasma wind from the Sun can also modify the same parts of the atmosphere. Their effects are made "visible" by strong enhancement of radar echoes in polar winter and were found to affect half of the days when observations were made at Troll, Antarctica, in 2012 and 2013.
S. Kirkwood, A. Osepian, E. Belova, J. Urban, K. Pérot, and A. K. Sinha
Ann. Geophys., 33, 561–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-561-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-561-2015, 2015
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High-speed streams of particles from the Sun can cause high-energy electrons to be precipitated into the Earth's middle atmosphere at polar latitudes. The paper develops and tests a model for how these particles can change the amount of a trace gas, nitric oxide, which has the potential to destroy stratospheric ozone. Model calculations agree well with observations by the Odin satellite of increased nitric oxide over Antarctica associated with high-speed solar wind streams.
V. Pilipenko, V. Belakhovsky, M. J. Engebretson, A. Kozlovsky, and T. Yeoman
Ann. Geophys., 33, 395–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-395-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-395-2015, 2015
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Irregular broadband pulsations and narrow-band Pc5 waves are found to be a ubiquitous element of ULF activity in the dayside high-latitude region. To identify the ionospheric projections of the cusp, we use the width of return signal of the SuperDARN radar. The spatial structure of broadband Pc5-6 pulsation spectral power has been found to have a localized latitudinal peak, not under the cusp proper as was previously thought, but several degrees southward from the equatorward cusp boundary.
H. Gunell, L. Andersson, J. De Keyser, and I. Mann
Ann. Geophys., 33, 279–293, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-279-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-279-2015, 2015
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In this paper, we simulate the plasma on a magnetic field line above the aurora. Initially, about half of the acceleration voltage is concentrated in a thin double layer at a few thousand km altitude. When the voltage is lowered, electrons trapped between the double layer and the magnetic mirror are released. In the process we see formation of electron beams and phase space holes. A temporary reversal of the polarity of the double layer is also seen as well as hysteresis effects in its position.
M. van de Kamp, D. Pokhotelov, and K. Kauristie
Ann. Geophys., 32, 1511–1532, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-1511-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-1511-2014, 2014
S. Sommer, G. Stober, J. L. Chau, and R. Latteck
Adv. Radio Sci., 12, 197–203, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-12-197-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-12-197-2014, 2014
T. Takahashi, S. Nozawa, M. Tsutsumi, C. Hall, S. Suzuki, T. T. Tsuda, T. D. Kawahara, N. Saito, S. Oyama, S. Wada, T. Kawabata, H. Fujiwara, A. Brekke, A. Manson, C. Meek, and R. Fujii
Ann. Geophys., 32, 1195–1205, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-1195-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-1195-2014, 2014
H. Fujiwara, S. Nozawa, Y. Ogawa, R. Kataoka, Y. Miyoshi, H. Jin, and H. Shinagawa
Ann. Geophys., 32, 831–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-831-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-831-2014, 2014
D. Pokhotelov, S. von Alfthan, Y. Kempf, R. Vainio, H. E. J. Koskinen, and M. Palmroth
Ann. Geophys., 31, 2207–2212, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2207-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2207-2013, 2013
G. Stober, S. Sommer, M. Rapp, and R. Latteck
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2893–2905, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2893-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2893-2013, 2013
C. Schult, G. Stober, J. L. Chau, and R. Latteck
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1843–1851, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1843-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1843-2013, 2013
H. Suzuki, T. Nakamura, M. K. Ejiri, T. Ogawa, M. Tsutsumi, M. Abo, T. D. Kawahara, Y. Tomikawa, A. S. Yukimatu, and N. Sato
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1793–1803, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1793-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1793-2013, 2013
V. Matthias, P. Hoffmann, A. Manson, C. Meek, G. Stober, P. Brown, and M. Rapp
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1397–1415, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1397-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1397-2013, 2013
H. Gunell, J. De Keyser, E. Gamby, and I. Mann
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1227–1240, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1227-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1227-2013, 2013
E. Belova, S. Kirkwood, and T. Sergienko
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1177–1190, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1177-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1177-2013, 2013
G. Stober, C. Schult, C. Baumann, R. Latteck, and M. Rapp
Ann. Geophys., 31, 473–487, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-473-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-473-2013, 2013
J. Kero, C. Szasz, and T. Nakamura
Ann. Geophys., 31, 439–449, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-439-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-439-2013, 2013
S. Kirkwood, E. Belova, P. Dalin, M. Mihalikova, D. Mikhaylova, D. Murtagh, H. Nilsson, K. Satheesan, J. Urban, and I. Wolf
Ann. Geophys., 31, 333–347, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-333-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-333-2013, 2013
T. Dunker, U.-P. Hoppe, G. Stober, and M. Rapp
Ann. Geophys., 31, 61–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-61-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-61-2013, 2013
I. Mann and M. Hamrin
Ann. Geophys., 31, 39–44, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-39-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-39-2013, 2013
M. Rapp, J. M. C. Plane, B. Strelnikov, G. Stober, S. Ernst, J. Hedin, M. Friedrich, and U.-P. Hoppe
Ann. Geophys., 30, 1661–1673, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1661-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1661-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Subject: Earth's ionosphere & aeronomy | Keywords: Thermospheric dynamics
Influence of the semidiurnal lunar tide in the equatorial plasma bubble zonal drifts over Brazil
Variability of the lunar semidiurnal tidal amplitudes in the ionosphere over Brazil
Igo Paulino, Ana Roberta Paulino, Amauri F. Medeiros, Cristiano M. Wrasse, Ricardo Arlen Buriti, and Hisao Takahashi
Ann. Geophys., 39, 1005–1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1005-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1005-2021, 2021
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In the present work, the lunar semidiurnal tide (M2) was investigated in the equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) zonal drifts over Brazil from 2000 to 2007. On average, the M2 contributes 5.6 % to the variability of the EPB zonal drifts. A strong seasonal and solar cycle dependency was also observed, the amplitudes of the M2 being stronger during the summer and high solar activity periods.
Ana Roberta Paulino, Fabiano da Silva Araújo, Igo Paulino, Cristiano Max Wrasse, Lourivaldo Mota Lima, Paulo Prado Batista, and Inez Staciarini Batista
Ann. Geophys., 39, 151–164, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-151-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-151-2021, 2021
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Long- and short-period oscillations in the lunar semidiurnal tidal amplitudes in the ionosphere derived from the total electron content were investigated over Brazil from 2011 to 2014. The results showed annual, semiannual and triannual oscillations as the dominant components. Additionally, the most pronounced short-period oscillations were observed between 7 and 11 d, which suggest a possible coupling of the lunar tide and planetary waves.
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Short summary
Gravity waves (GWs) are waves in Earth's atmosphere and can be observed as cloud ripples. Under certain conditions, these waves can propagate up into the ionosphere. Here, they can cause ripples in the ionosphere plasma, observable as oscillations of the plasma density. Therefore, GWs contribute to the ionospheric variability, making them relevant for space weather prediction. Additionally, the behavior of these waves allows us to draw conclusions about the atmosphere at these altitudes.
Gravity waves (GWs) are waves in Earth's atmosphere and can be observed as cloud ripples. Under...
