Articles | Volume 40, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-665-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-665-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular paper
| 
01 Dec 2022
Regular paper |
| 01 Dec 2022
| 01 Dec 2022
Signature of gravity wave propagations from the troposphere to ionosphere
Hisao Takahashi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Space Weather Division, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais,
São José dos Campos, Brazil
Cosme A. O. B. Figueiredo
Space Weather Division, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais,
São José dos Campos, Brazil
Patrick Essien
University of Cape Coast, Department of Physics, Cape Coast, Ghana
Cristiano M. Wrasse
Space Weather Division, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais,
São José dos Campos, Brazil
Diego Barros
Space Weather Division, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais,
São José dos Campos, Brazil
Prosper K. Nyassor
Space Weather Division, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais,
São José dos Campos, Brazil
Igo Paulino
Unidade acadêmica de Física, Universidade Federal de Campina
Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Fabio Egito
Unidade acadêmica de Física, Universidade Federal de Campina
Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Geangelo M. Rosa
Federal Institute for Education, Science and Technology Baiano (IF
Baiano), Bom Jesus da Lapa, Brazil
Antonio H. R. Sampaio
Federal Institute for Education, Science and Technology Baiano (IF
Baiano), Bom Jesus da Lapa, Brazil
Related authors
Toyese Tunde Ayorinde, Cristiano Max Wrasse, Luiz Fillip Rodrigues Vital, Anderson Vestena Bilibio, Gabriel Augusto Giongo, Hisao Takahashi, and Cosme Alexandre Oliveira Barros Figueiredo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1038, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1038, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed 22 years of satellite observations to see how small-scale atmospheric waves and the OH emissions change across seasons and regions. Both show clear repeating patterns and are closely linked, revealing how energy moves through the upper atmosphere. These results provide a long-term baseline that can improve computer models used to study weather, climate, and atmospheric change.
Efua A. Ogobor, Igo Paulino, Vania F. Andrioli, Cristiano M. Wrasse, Hisao Takahashi, Amauri F. Medeiros, Paulo P. Batista, and Prosper K. Nyassor
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6569, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6569, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
Short summary
Short summary
We studied four rare night-sky wave events over Brazil using coordinated all-sky airglow imager, meteor wind radar, and sodium laser temperature measurements. We found two undular and turbulent fronts shaped by layered winds and temperature, improving forecasts of upper-atmosphere changes that affect communications to understand how they form.
Anderson Vestena Bilibio, Igo Paulino, Cristiano Max Wrasse, Prosper Kwamla Nyassor, Ricardo Arlen Buriti, Cosme Alexandre de Oliveira Barros Figueiredo, Fábio Egito, Hisao Takahashi, Toyese Tunde Ayorinde, Lucas Vaz Peres, and Rodrigo da Silva
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6571, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6571, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines gravity waves observed after the solar eclipse of 14 October 2023. Using ground-based sky cameras and atmospheric models, we traced the paths of these waves to identify their origins. Some waves were linked to cooling caused by the eclipse, while others were associated with storm activity. The results show that eclipses and weather systems can generate atmospheric disturbances, improving our understanding of how the upper atmosphere responds to natural events.
Toyese Tunde Ayorinde, Cristiano Max Wrasse, Hisao Takahashi, Luiz Fernando Sapucci, Mohamadou A. Diallo, Cosme Alexandre Oliveira Barros Figueiredo, Diego Barros, Ligia Alves da Silva, Patrick Essien, and Anderson Vestena Bilibio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 12357–12378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12357-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12357-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) interacts with atmospheric gravity waves high in the sky and how global climate patterns like El Niño affect them. Using RO, ERA5, and NCEP reanalysis data, we found that the ITCZ shifts with season but stays strong year-round, influencing weather and energy flow. Our findings show how climate patterns shape weather systems and help predict changes, improving understanding of the atmosphere and its effects on global climate.
Prosper K. Nyassor, Cristiano M. Wrasse, Igo Paulino, Erdal Yiğit, Vera Y. Tsali-Brown, Ricardo A. Buriti, Cosme A. O. B. Figueiredo, Gabriel A. Giongo, Fábio Egito, Oluwasegun M. Adebayo, Hisao Takahashi, and Delano Gobbi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4053–4082, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4053-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4053-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work explores the dynamics of the momentum and energy of propagating mesospheric gravity waves (GWs). A photometer was used to observe the vertical component of the GWs, whereas the horizontal component was observed by an all-sky imager. Using the parameters from these two instruments and background wind from meteor radar, the momentum flux and potential energy of the GWs were determined and studied. It is noted that the dynamics of the downward-propagating GWs were controlled by observed ducts.
Cristiano M. Wrasse, Prosper K. Nyassor, Ligia A. da Silva, Cosme A. O. B. Figueiredo, José V. Bageston, Kleber P. Naccarato, Diego Barros, Hisao Takahashi, and Delano Gobbi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5405–5431, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5405-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5405-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This present work investigates the propagation dynamics and the sources–source mechanisms of quasi-monochromatic gravity waves (QMGWs) observed between April 2017 and April 2022 at São Martinho da Serra. The QMGW parameters were estimated using a 2D spectral analysis, and their source locations were identified using a backward ray-tracing model. Furthermore, the propagation conditions, sources, and source mechanisms of the QMGWs were extensively studied.
Prosper K. Nyassor, Cristiano M. Wrasse, Igo Paulino, Eliah F. M. T. São Sabbas, José V. Bageston, Kleber P. Naccarato, Delano Gobbi, Cosme A. O. B. Figueiredo, Toyese T. Ayorinde, Hisao Takahashi, and Diego Barros
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15153–15177, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15153-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15153-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the sources of concentric gravity waves (CGWs) excited by a moving system of clouds with several overshooting regions on 1–2 October 2019 at São Martinho da Serra. The parameters of these waves were estimated using 2D spectral analysis and their source locations identified using backward ray tracing. Furthermore, the sources of these waves were properly identified by tracking the individual overshooting regions in space and time since the system of clouds was moving.
Igo Paulino, Ana Roberta Paulino, Amauri F. Medeiros, Cristiano M. Wrasse, Ricardo Arlen Buriti, and Hisao Takahashi
Ann. Geophys., 39, 1005–1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1005-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1005-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In the present work, the lunar semidiurnal tide (M2) was investigated in the equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) zonal drifts over Brazil from 2000 to 2007. On average, the M2 contributes 5.6 % to the variability of the EPB zonal drifts. A strong seasonal and solar cycle dependency was also observed, the amplitudes of the M2 being stronger during the summer and high solar activity periods.
Toyese Tunde Ayorinde, Cristiano Max Wrasse, Luiz Fillip Rodrigues Vital, Anderson Vestena Bilibio, Gabriel Augusto Giongo, Hisao Takahashi, and Cosme Alexandre Oliveira Barros Figueiredo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1038, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1038, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed 22 years of satellite observations to see how small-scale atmospheric waves and the OH emissions change across seasons and regions. Both show clear repeating patterns and are closely linked, revealing how energy moves through the upper atmosphere. These results provide a long-term baseline that can improve computer models used to study weather, climate, and atmospheric change.
Efua A. Ogobor, Igo Paulino, Vania F. Andrioli, Cristiano M. Wrasse, Hisao Takahashi, Amauri F. Medeiros, Paulo P. Batista, and Prosper K. Nyassor
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6569, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6569, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
Short summary
Short summary
We studied four rare night-sky wave events over Brazil using coordinated all-sky airglow imager, meteor wind radar, and sodium laser temperature measurements. We found two undular and turbulent fronts shaped by layered winds and temperature, improving forecasts of upper-atmosphere changes that affect communications to understand how they form.
Anderson Vestena Bilibio, Igo Paulino, Cristiano Max Wrasse, Prosper Kwamla Nyassor, Ricardo Arlen Buriti, Cosme Alexandre de Oliveira Barros Figueiredo, Fábio Egito, Hisao Takahashi, Toyese Tunde Ayorinde, Lucas Vaz Peres, and Rodrigo da Silva
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6571, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6571, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines gravity waves observed after the solar eclipse of 14 October 2023. Using ground-based sky cameras and atmospheric models, we traced the paths of these waves to identify their origins. Some waves were linked to cooling caused by the eclipse, while others were associated with storm activity. The results show that eclipses and weather systems can generate atmospheric disturbances, improving our understanding of how the upper atmosphere responds to natural events.
Igo Paulino, Paulo Roberto Fagundes, Ana Roberta Paulino, Maurício José Alves Bolzam, and Valdir Gil Pillat
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6570, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6570, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows how the 2023 solar eclipse affected the ionosphere in Brazil. By tracking radio wave echoes, the results show that isoline for fixed-frequencies dropped significantly across the country as the sun was blocked. Even 1,500 km away from the main shadow, the ionosphere felt the impact. There was a 1.5-hour delay before the largest change occurred and the ionosphere in the equatorial region recovered faster than in low latitudes.
Igo Paulino, Francisco Raimundo da Silva, Ana Roberta Paulino, and Gilvan Borba
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6194, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6194, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
Short summary
Short summary
The study utilized a stratospheric balloon over Natal, Brazil, to investigate the atmospheric response to the 14 October 2023 annular solar eclipse near sunset. Measurements included temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and ozone. Significant changes in these parameters were found at different altitudes. These complex changes confirm the annular eclipse's importance as a driver of localized atmospheric dynamics.
Gabriel Augusto Giongo, Cristiano Max Wrasse, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, José Valentin Bageston, Prosper Kwamla Nyassor, Cosme Alexandre Oliveira Barros Figueiredo, Anderson Vestena Bilibio, Delano Gobbi, and Hisao Takahashi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 6345–6360, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6345-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6345-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A new algorithm for medium-scale gravity wave analysis was developed for studies of gravity waves observed by airglow imaging. With this procedure, observation datasets can be analyzed to extract gravity wave parameters, such as period, horizontal wavelength, and phase speed, for climatological purposes. The procedure showed reliable performance and is ready for use at other observation sites.
Toyese Tunde Ayorinde, Cristiano Max Wrasse, Hisao Takahashi, Luiz Fernando Sapucci, Mohamadou A. Diallo, Cosme Alexandre Oliveira Barros Figueiredo, Diego Barros, Ligia Alves da Silva, Patrick Essien, and Anderson Vestena Bilibio
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 12357–12378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12357-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12357-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied how the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) interacts with atmospheric gravity waves high in the sky and how global climate patterns like El Niño affect them. Using RO, ERA5, and NCEP reanalysis data, we found that the ITCZ shifts with season but stays strong year-round, influencing weather and energy flow. Our findings show how climate patterns shape weather systems and help predict changes, improving understanding of the atmosphere and its effects on global climate.
Qinzeng Li, Jiyao Xu, Yajun Zhu, Cristiano M. Wrasse, José V. Bageston, Wei Yuan, Xiao Liu, Weijun Liu, Ying Wen, Hui Li, and Zhengkuan Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9719–9736, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9719-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9719-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores intense concentric gravity waves (CGWs) based on ground-based and multi-satellite observations over southern Brazil, revealing significant airglow perturbations and strong momentum release. Triggered by deep convection and enabled by weaker wind fields, these CGWs reached the mesopause and thermosphere. Consistent detection via OI and OH airglow emissions confirms their vertical propagation, while asymmetric thermosphere propagation is linked to Doppler-induced wavelength changes.
Gabriel Augusto Giongo, Cristiano Max Wrasse, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, José Valentin Bageston, Prosper Kwamla Nyassor, Cosme Alexandre Oliveira Barros Figueiredo, Anderson Vestena Bilibio, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, Damian John Murphy, Toyese Tunde Ayorinde, Delano Gobbi, and Hisao Takahashi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3114, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3114, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work analyzes the medium-scale atmospheric gravity waves observed by ground-based airglow imaging over the Antarctic continent. Medium-scale gravity waves refer to waves larger than 50 km of horizontal wavelength, and have not been analyzed in that region so far. Wave parameters and horizontal propagation characteristics were obtained by a recently improved methodology and are described thoroughly.
Ana Roberta Paulino, Igo Paulino, and José Augusto Pereira
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3085, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3085, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, atmospheric responses to the 23 October 2023 annular solar eclipse is discussed considering almost simultaneous temperature measurements from the TIMED/SABER satellite. Reductions of the temperature in troposphere, mesosphere and mesopause were observed. On the other hand, the temperature increased by about 7 K around 33 km. The temporal and spatial configuration of the measurements is consistent with the observed structures.
Prosper K. Nyassor, Cristiano M. Wrasse, Igo Paulino, Erdal Yiğit, Vera Y. Tsali-Brown, Ricardo A. Buriti, Cosme A. O. B. Figueiredo, Gabriel A. Giongo, Fábio Egito, Oluwasegun M. Adebayo, Hisao Takahashi, and Delano Gobbi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4053–4082, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4053-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4053-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work explores the dynamics of the momentum and energy of propagating mesospheric gravity waves (GWs). A photometer was used to observe the vertical component of the GWs, whereas the horizontal component was observed by an all-sky imager. Using the parameters from these two instruments and background wind from meteor radar, the momentum flux and potential energy of the GWs were determined and studied. It is noted that the dynamics of the downward-propagating GWs were controlled by observed ducts.
Ana Roberta Paulino, Delis Otildes Rodrigues, Igo Paulino, Lourivaldo Mota Lima, Ricardo Arlen Buriti, Paulo Prado Batista, Aaron Ridley, and Chen Wu
Ann. Geophys., 43, 183–191, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-183-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-183-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Comparisons of wind measurements using two different techniques (ground-based radar and satellite) in Brazil during 2006 were made in order to point out the advantages of each instrument for studies in the mesosphere and upper thermosphere. (i) For short-period variations, the measurements of the satellite were more advantageous. (ii) The monthly climatology using the radar was more appropriate. (iii) For long periods (longer than a few months), both instruments responded satisfactorily.
Josemaria Gomez Socola, Fabiano S. Rodrigues, Isaac G. Wright, Igo Paulino, and Ricardo Buriti
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 909–919, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-909-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-909-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
New low-cost, off-the-shelf Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers enable the estimation of zonal ionospheric irregularity drifts using the scintillation spaced-receiver technique, previously tested only with commercial GNSS receivers. Despite their low C/No resolution (1 dB-Hz), we demonstrate that the recorded raw data can be used to estimate irregularity drifts. Further, our observations are consistent with the behavior of an empirical model of the thermospheric winds (HMW14).
Cristiano M. Wrasse, Prosper K. Nyassor, Ligia A. da Silva, Cosme A. O. B. Figueiredo, José V. Bageston, Kleber P. Naccarato, Diego Barros, Hisao Takahashi, and Delano Gobbi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5405–5431, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5405-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5405-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This present work investigates the propagation dynamics and the sources–source mechanisms of quasi-monochromatic gravity waves (QMGWs) observed between April 2017 and April 2022 at São Martinho da Serra. The QMGW parameters were estimated using a 2D spectral analysis, and their source locations were identified using a backward ray-tracing model. Furthermore, the propagation conditions, sources, and source mechanisms of the QMGWs were extensively studied.
Prosper K. Nyassor, Cristiano M. Wrasse, Igo Paulino, Eliah F. M. T. São Sabbas, José V. Bageston, Kleber P. Naccarato, Delano Gobbi, Cosme A. O. B. Figueiredo, Toyese T. Ayorinde, Hisao Takahashi, and Diego Barros
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15153–15177, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15153-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15153-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the sources of concentric gravity waves (CGWs) excited by a moving system of clouds with several overshooting regions on 1–2 October 2019 at São Martinho da Serra. The parameters of these waves were estimated using 2D spectral analysis and their source locations identified using backward ray tracing. Furthermore, the sources of these waves were properly identified by tracking the individual overshooting regions in space and time since the system of clouds was moving.
Laysa C. A. Resende, Yajun Zhu, Clezio M. Denardini, Sony S. Chen, Ronan A. J. Chagas, Lígia A. Da Silva, Carolina S. Carmo, Juliano Moro, Diego Barros, Paulo A. B. Nogueira, José P. Marchezi, Giorgio A. S. Picanço, Paulo Jauer, Régia P. Silva, Douglas Silva, José A. Carrasco, Chi Wang, and Zhengkuan Liu
Ann. Geophys., 40, 191–203, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study showed the ionospheric response over low-latitude regions in Brazil predicted by Martínez-Ledesma et al. (2020) for the solar eclipse event on 14 December 2020. We used a multi-instrumental and modeling analysis to observe the modifications in the E and F regions and the Es layers over Campo Grande and Cachoeira Paulista. The results showed that solar eclipses can cause significant ionosphere modifications even though they only partially reach the Brazilian low-latitude regions.
Igo Paulino, Ana Roberta Paulino, Amauri F. Medeiros, Cristiano M. Wrasse, Ricardo Arlen Buriti, and Hisao Takahashi
Ann. Geophys., 39, 1005–1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1005-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1005-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In the present work, the lunar semidiurnal tide (M2) was investigated in the equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) zonal drifts over Brazil from 2000 to 2007. On average, the M2 contributes 5.6 % to the variability of the EPB zonal drifts. A strong seasonal and solar cycle dependency was also observed, the amplitudes of the M2 being stronger during the summer and high solar activity periods.
Cited articles
Azeem, I., Yue J., Hoffmann, L., Miller, S. D., Straka, W. C., and Crowley,
G.: Multisensor profiling of a concentric gravity wave event propagating
from the troposphere to the ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 7874–7880,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065903, 2015.
Bossert, K., Kruse, C. G., Heale, C. J., Fritts, D. C., Williams, B. P.,
Snively, J. B., Pautet, P.-D., and Taylor, M. J.: Secondary gravity wave
generation over New Zealand during the DEEPWAVE campaign, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 7834–7850, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026079, 2017.
CCMC: MSIS-E-90 Atmospheric model, CCMC [data set], https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/modelweb/models/msis_vitmo.php, last access: 30 September 2022.
Chiang, C.-Y., Tam, S. W.-Y., and Chang, T.-F.: Variations of the 630.0 nm airglow emission with meridional neutral wind and neutral temperature around midnight, Ann. Geophys., 36, 1471–1481, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1471-2018, 2018.
Colerico, M., Mendillo, M., Nottingham, D., Baumgardner, J., Meriwether, J.,
Mirick, J., Reinisch, B., Scali, J., Fesen, C., and Biondi, M.: Coordinated
measurements of F region dynamics related to the thermospheric midnight
temperature maximum, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 101, 26783–26793, 1996.
CPTEC: GOES satellite data, CPTEC [data set], http://satelite.cptec.inpe.br/home/index.jsp, last access: 30 September 2022.
Dare-Idowu, O., Paulino, I., Figueiredo, C. A. O. B., Medeiros, A. F.,
Buriti, R. A., Paulino, A. R., and Wrasse, C. M.: Investigation of sources
of gravity waves observed in the Brazilian equatorial region on 8 April
2005, Ann. Geophys., 38, 507–516,
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-507-2020, 2020.
Drob, D. P., Emmert, J. T., Meriwether, J. W., Makela, J. J., Doornbos, E.,
Conde, M., Hernandez, G., Noto, J., Zawdie, K. A., McDonald, S. E., Huba, J. D., and Klenzing, J. H.:
An update to the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM): The quiet time thermosphere,
Earth Space Sci., 2, 301–319, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014EA000089, 2015.
EMBRACE: Airglow image data, EMBRACE [data set], http://www2.inpe.br/climaespacial/portal/en/#, last access: 30 September 2022.
Essien, P., Paulino, I., Wrasse, C. M., Campos, J. A. V., Paulino, A. R.,
Medeiros, A. F., Buriti, R. A., Takahashi, H., Agyei-Yeboah, E., and Lins,
A. N.: Seasonal characteristics of small- and medium-scale gravity waves in
the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over the Brazilian equatorial region,
Ann. Geophys., 36, 899–914, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-899-2018,
2018.
Figueiredo, C. A. O. B., Buriti, R. A., Paulino, I., Meriwether, J. W.,
Makela, J. J., Batista, I. S., Barros, D., and Medeiros, A. F.: Effects of
the midnight temperature maximum observed in the thermosphere–ionosphere
over the northeast of Brazil, Ann. Geophys., 35, 953–963,
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-953-2017, 2017.
Gong, Y., Zhou, Q., Zhang, S., Aponte, N., Sulzer, M., and Gonzalez S.:
Midnight ionosphere collapse at Arecibo and its relationship to the neutral
wind, electric field, and ambipolar diffusion, J. Geophys. Res., 117, A08332,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017530, 2012.
Hines, C. O.: Internal atmospheric gravity waves at ionospheric heights,
Can. J. Phys., 38, 1441, https://doi.org/10.1139/p60-150, 1960.
Hocke, K. and Schlegel, K.: A review of atmospheric gravity waves and
traveling ionospheric disturbances: 1982–1995, Ann. Geophys., 14, 917–940, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0917-6, 1996.
Kubota, M., Shiokawa, K., Ejiri, M.K., Otsuka, Y., Ogawa, T., Sakanori, T., Fukunishi, H., Yamamoto, M.,
Fukao, S., and Saito, A.:: Traveling
ionospheric disturbances observed in the OI 630-nm nightglow images over
Japan by using a multipoint imager network during the FRONT campaign, Geophys. Res. Letts., 27, 4037–4040, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011858, 2000.
Nicolls, M. J., Vadas, S. L., Aponte, N., and Sulzer, M. P.: Horizontal wave
parameters of daytime thermospheric gravity waves and E-Region neutral winds
over Puerto Rico, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119,
576–600, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA018988, 2014.
Nishioka, M., Tsugawa, T., Kubota, M., and Ishii, M.: Concentric waves and
short-period oscillations observed in the ionosphere after the 2013 Moore
EF5 tornado, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5581–5586, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL057963,
2013.
Nyassor, P. K., Wrasse, C. M., Gobbi, D., Paulino, I., Vadas, S. L., Naccarato, K. P., Takahashi, H.,
Bageston, J. V., Figueiredo, C. A. O. B., and Barros, D.: Case studies on concentric gravity waves source
using lightning flash rate, brightness temperature and backward ray tracing
at São Martinho da Serra (29.44∘ S, 53.82∘ W), J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD034527,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD034527, 2021.
Picone, J. M., Hedin, A. E., Drob, D. P., and Aikin, A. C.: NRLMSISE-00
empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific
issues, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 1468,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009430, 2002.
Otsuka, Y.: Review of the generation mechanisms of post-midnight
irregularities in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere, Prog. Earth Pl. Sci., 5, 57,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-018-0212-7, 2008.
Paulino, I., Takahashi, H., Vadas, S. L., Wrasse, C. M., Sobral, J. H. A., Medeiros, A. F., Buriti, R. A., and
Gobbi, D.: Forward ray-tracing for medium scale gravity waves
observed during the COPEX campaign, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys.,
90/91, 117–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2012.08.006, 2012.
Ramkumar, T. K., Malik, M. A., Ganaie, B. A., and Bhat, A. H.: Airglow-imager based
observation of possible influences of subtropical mesospheric gravity waves
on F-region ionosphere over Jammu & Kashmir, India. Sci. Rep., 11, 10168,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89694-3, 2021.
Rottger, J.: Wave-like structures of large-scale equatorial spread-F
irregularities, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 35, 1195–1203, 1973.
Smith, S. M., Vadas, S. L., Baggaley, W. J., Hernandez, G., and Baumgardner,
J.: Gravity wave coupling between the mesosphere and thermosphere over New
Zealand, J. Geophys. Res.-Space. 118, 2694–2707,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50263, 2013.
Takahashi, H., Batista, P. P., Buriti, R. A., Gobbi, D., Nakamura, T., Tsuda,
T., and Fukao, S.: Response of the airglow OH emission, temperature and
mesopause wind to the atmospheric wave propagation over Shigaraki, Japan,
Earth Planet. Sci., 51, 863–875, https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03353245, 1999.
Takahashi, H., Wrasse, C. M., Figueiredo, C. A. O. B., Barros, D., Paulino, I., Essien, P., Abdu, M. A.,
Otsuka, Y., and Shiokawa K.: Equatorial plasma bubble occurrence under
propagation of MSTID and MLT gravity waves, J. Geophys. Res.-Space,
125, e2019JA027566, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027566, 2020.
Taori, A., Jayaraman, A., and Kamalakar, V.: Imaging of mesosphere–thermosphere
airglow emissions over Gadanki (13.51∘ N, 79.21∘ E), J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr.
Phys., 93, 21–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2012.11.007, 2013.
Taylor, M. J., Pautet, P.-D., Medeiros, A. F., Buriti, R., Fechine, J.,
Fritts, D. C., Vadas, S. L., Takahashi, H., and São Sabbas, F. T.:
Characteristics of mesospheric gravity waves near the magnetic equator,
Brazil, during the SpreadFEx campaign, Ann. Geophys., 27, 461–472,
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-461-2009, 2009.
Tsuda, T.: Characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves observed using the
MU (Middle and Upper atmosphere) radar and GPS (Global Positioning System)
radio occultation, Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B, 90,
12–27, https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.90.12, 2014.
Vadas, S. L.: Horizontal and vertical propagation and dissipation of gravity
waves in the thermosphere from lower atmospheric and thermospheric sources,
J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JA011845, 2007.
Vadas, S. L. and Becker, E.: Numerical modeling of the excitation,
propagation, and dissipation of primary and secondary gravity waves during
wintertime at McMurdo Station in the Antarctic, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 9326–9369, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027974, 2018.
Vadas, S. L. and Crowley, G.: Sources of the traveling ionospheric
disturbances observed by the ionospheric TIDDBIT sounder near Wallops Island
on 30 October 2007, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A07324, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA015053,
2010.
Vadas, S. L. and Liu, H.-L.: Numerical modeling of the large-scale neutral
and plasma responses to the bodyforces created by the dissipation of gravity
waves from 6 h of deep convection in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 118, 2593–2617, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50249, 2013.
Vadas, S. L., Xu, S., Yue, J., Bossert, K., Becker, E., and Baumgarten, G.:
Characteristics of the quiet-time hot spot gravity waves observed by GOCE
over the Southern Andes on 5 July 2010, J. Geophys. Res.-Space,
124, 7034–7061, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA026693, 2019.
Wrasse, C. M., Takahashi, H., Medeiros, A. F., Lima, L. M., Taylor, M. J.,
Gobbi, D., and Fechine, J.: Determinação dos parâmetros de ondas
de gravidade através da análise espectral de imagens de
aeroluminescência, Revista Brasileira de Geofísica, 25,
257–265, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-261X2007000300003, 2007.
Wrasse, C. M., Figueiredo, C. A. O. B., Barros, D., Takahashi, H., Carrasco,
A. J., Vital, L. F. R., Rezende, L. C. A., Egito, F., Rosa, G. M., and
Sampaio, A. H. R.: Interaction between Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and a
Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance, observed by OI 630 nm
airglow imaging at Bom Jesus de Lapa, Brazil, Earth Planet. Phys., 5,
1–10, https://doi.org/10.26464/epp2021045, 2021.
Xu, X., Yu, D., and Luo, J.: Seasonal variations of global stratospheric gravity wave activity revealed by
COSMIC RO data, 2017 Forum on Cooperative Positioning and Service (CPGPS), IEEE, 85–89, https://doi.org/10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075102,
2017.
Short summary
We observed two different wave propagations in the earth’s upper atmosphere: a gravity wave in the mesosphere and the ionospheric disturbances. We investigated the wave propagations by using airglow imaging techniques. It is found that there was a gravity wave generation from the tropospheric convection spot, and it propagated upward in the ionosphere. This reports observational evidence of gravity wave propagation from the troposphere to ionosphere.
We observed two different wave propagations in the earth’s upper atmosphere: a gravity wave in...
Special issue