Articles | Volume 37, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-215-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-215-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular paper
| 
10 Apr 2019
Regular paper |
| 10 Apr 2019
| 10 Apr 2019
Local time extent of magnetopause reconnection using space–ground coordination
Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University,
Massachusetts, USA
Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science,
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Brian M. Walsh
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Space Physics, Boston
University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Yukitoshi Nishimura
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for Space
Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California,
Los Angeles, California, USA
Vassilis Angelopoulos
Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of
California, Los Angeles, California, USA
J. Michael Ruohoniemi
The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia
Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
Kathryn A. McWilliams
Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Nozomu Nishitani
Center for International Collaborative Research, Institute for
Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Daniel D. Billett, Kathryn A. McWilliams, Robert B. Kerr, Jonathan J. Makela, Alex T. Chartier, J. Michael Ruohoniemi, Sudha Kapali, Mike A. Migliozzi, and Juanita Riccobono
Ann. Geophys., 40, 571–583, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-571-2022, 2022
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Sub-auroral polarisation streams (SAPSs) are very fast plasma flows that occur at mid-latitudes, which can affect the atmosphere. In this paper, we use four ground-based radars to obtain a wide coverage of SAPSs that occurred over the USA, along with interferometer cameras in Virginia and Massachusetts to measure winds. The winds are strongly affected but in different ways, implying that the balance forces on the atmosphere is strongly dependent on proximity to the disturbance.
Homayon Aryan, Jacob Bortnik, Jinxing Li, James Michael Weygand, Xiangning Chu, and Vassilis Angelopoulos
Ann. Geophys., 40, 531–544, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-531-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-531-2022, 2022
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In this study, we use a multipoint analysis of conjugate magnetospheric and ionospheric observations to investigate the magnetospheric and ionospheric responses to fast flow bursts that are associated with different space weather conditions. The results show that ionospheric currents are connected to the magnetospheric flows for different space weather conditions. The connection is more apparent and global for flows that are associated with a geomagnetically active condition.
Michael Gedalin, Xiaoyan Zhou, Christopher T. Russell, and Vassilis Angelopoulos
Ann. Geophys., 38, 17–26, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-17-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-17-2020, 2020
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High-resolution measurements of the magnetic profiles of collisionless shocks in space show that large amplitude oscillations appear on the high-magnetic field side. The positions and relative amplitude of these oscillations are shown theoretically to vary in accordance with the potential jump at the shock crossing. The theoretically predicted variety is confirmed by observations.
Galina Korotova, David Sibeck, Scott Thaller, John Wygant, Harlan Spence, Craig Kletzing, Vassilis Angelopoulos, and Robert Redmon
Ann. Geophys., 36, 1319–1333, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1319-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1319-2018, 2018
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We employ multipoint observations of the Van Allen Probes, THEMIS, GOES and Cluster to present case and statistical studies of the electromagnetic field, plasma and particle response to interplanetary (IP) shocks observed by Wind. We perform a statistical study of Ey variations of the electric field and associated plasma drift flow velocities for 60 magnetospheric events during the passage of interplanetary shocks.
Christina Chu, Hui Zhang, David Sibeck, Antonius Otto, QiuGang Zong, Nick Omidi, James P. McFadden, Dennis Fruehauff, and Vassilis Angelopoulos
Ann. Geophys., 35, 443–451, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-443-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-443-2017, 2017
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Hot flow anomalies (HFAs) at Earth's bow shock were identified in Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms (THEMIS) satellite data from 2007 to 2009. The events were classified as young or mature and regular or spontaneous hot flow anomalies (SHFAs). HFA–SHFA occurrence decreases with distance upstream from the bow shock. HFAs are more prevalent for radial interplanetary magnetic fields and solar wind speeds from 550 to 600 kms−1.
Galina Korotova, David Sibeck, Mark Engebretson, John Wygant, Scott Thaller, Harlan Spence, Craig Kletzing, Vassilis Angelopoulos, and Robert Redmon
Ann. Geophys., 34, 985–998, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-985-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-985-2016, 2016
H. Y. Fu, W. A. Scales, P. A. Bernhardt, S. J. Briczinski, M. J. Kosch, A. Senior, M. T. Rietveld, T. K. Yeoman, and J. M. Ruohoniemi
Ann. Geophys., 33, 983–990, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-983-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-983-2015, 2015
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This paper reports the first experimental observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering near the third electron gyro-harmonic induced by high-frequency, high-power radio waves at EISCAT. The stimulated Brillouin scattering has also been correlated with simultaneous observations of the
field-aligned irregularities and electron temperature. The observed stimulated Brillouin scattering becomes enhanced for pumping near electron gyro-harmonics.
P. Prikryl, R. Ghoddousi-Fard, E. G. Thomas, J. M. Ruohoniemi, S. G. Shepherd, P. T. Jayachandran, D. W. Danskin, E. Spanswick, Y. Zhang, Y. Jiao, and Y. T. Morton
Ann. Geophys., 33, 637–656, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-637-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-637-2015, 2015
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Rapid fluctuations in amplitude and phase of radio waves passing through the ionosphere degrade GPS positional accuracy and can lead to navigational errors, particularly during geomagnetic storms. As a function of magnetic latitude and local time, regions of GPS phase scintillation at high latitudes are identified in the context of coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere-ionosphere system, which primarily depends on the interplanetary magnetic field magnitude and orientation.
P. Prikryl, R. Ghoddousi-Fard, L. Spogli, C. N. Mitchell, G. Li, B. Ning, P. J. Cilliers, V. Sreeja, M. Aquino, M. Terkildsen, P. T. Jayachandran, Y. Jiao, Y. T. Morton, J. M. Ruohoniemi, E. G. Thomas, Y. Zhang, A. T. Weatherwax, L. Alfonsi, G. De Franceschi, and V. Romano
Ann. Geophys., 33, 657–670, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-657-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-657-2015, 2015
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A series of interplanetary coronal mass ejections in the period 7–17 March 2012 caused geomagnetic storms that strongly affected the high-latitude ionosphere in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. Interhemispheric comparison of GPS phase scintillation reveals commonalities as well as asymmetries, as a consequence of the coupling between the solar wind and magnetosphere. The interhemispheric asymmetries are primarily caused by the dawn-dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field.
A. P. Walsh, S. Haaland, C. Forsyth, A. M. Keesee, J. Kissinger, K. Li, A. Runov, J. Soucek, B. M. Walsh, S. Wing, and M. G. G. T. Taylor
Ann. Geophys., 32, 705–737, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-705-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-705-2014, 2014
F. Plaschke, H. Hietala, and V. Angelopoulos
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1877–1889, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1877-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1877-2013, 2013
J. Liang, F. Jiang, E. Donovan, E. Spanswick, V. Angelopoulos, and R. Strangeway
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1077–1101, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1077-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1077-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Magnetosphere & space plasma physics | Keywords: Solar wind–magnetosphere interactions
The Cluster spacecraft's view of the motion of the high-latitude magnetopause
Velocity of magnetic holes in the solar wind from Cluster multipoint measurements
Storm time polar cap expansion: interplanetary magnetic field clock angle dependence
Solar wind magnetic holes can cross the bow shock and enter the magnetosheath
Comment on
From the Sun to Earth: effects of the 25 August 2018 geomagnetic storm
GUMICS-4 analysis of interplanetary coronal mass ejection impact on Earth during low and typical Mach number solar winds
The asymmetric geospace as displayed during the geomagnetic storm on 17 August 2001
Transfer entropy and cumulant-based cost as measures of nonlinear causal relationships in space plasmas: applications to Dst
Niklas Grimmich, Ferdinand Plaschke, Benjamin Grison, Fabio Prencipe, Christophe Philippe Escoubet, Martin Owain Archer, Ovidiu Dragos Constantinescu, Stein Haaland, Rumi Nakamura, David Gary Sibeck, Fabien Darrouzet, Mykhaylo Hayosh, and Romain Maggiolo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1087, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1087, 2024
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In our study, we looked at the boundary between the Earth's magnetic field and the interplanetary magnetic field emitted by the Sun, called the magnetopause. While other studies focus on the magnetopause motion near Earth's equator, we have studied it in polar regions. The motion of the magnetopause is faster towards the Earth than towards the Sun. We also found that the occurrence of unusual magnetopause locations is due to similar solar influences in the equatorial and in the polar regions.
Henriette Trollvik, Tomas Karlsson, and Savvas Raptis
Ann. Geophys., 41, 327–337, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-327-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-327-2023, 2023
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The solar wind is in a plasma state and can exhibit a range of phenomena like waves and instabilities. One observed phenomenon in the solar wind is magnetic holes (MHs). They are localized depressions in the magnetic field. We studied the motion of MHs using the multispacecraft ESA Cluster mission. We derived their velocities in the solar wind frame and found that both linear and rotational MHs are convected with the solar wind.
Beket Tulegenov, Joachim Raeder, William D. Cramer, Banafsheh Ferdousi, Timothy J. Fuller-Rowell, Naomi Maruyama, and Robert J. Strangeway
Ann. Geophys., 41, 39–54, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-39-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-39-2023, 2023
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We study how the polar regions of the Earth connect to space along magnetic field lines. While the Earth's magnetic field is mostly the shape of a dipole, at high latitudes the field lines tend to be open and connect to interplanetary space. This area of open field line is called the polar cap, and it is highly dynamic. Through data analysis and computer simulations, we find that the shape of the polar cap is closely controlled by the magnetic field embedded in the solar wind.
Tomas Karlsson, Henriette Trollvik, Savvas Raptis, Hans Nilsson, and Hadi Madanian
Ann. Geophys., 40, 687–699, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-687-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-687-2022, 2022
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Magnetic holes are curious localized dropouts of magnetic field strength in the solar wind (the flow of ionized gas continuously streaming out from the sun). In this paper we show that these magnetic holes can cross the bow shock (where the solar wind brake down to subsonic velocity) and enter the region close to Earth’s magnetosphere. These structures may therefore represent a new type of non-uniform solar wind–magnetosphere interaction.
Invariability of relationship between the polar cap magnetic activity and geoeffective interplanetary electric fieldby Troshichev et al. (2011)
Peter Stauning
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2020-52, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2020-52, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
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In Troshichev et al. (2006) an error was made in the calculations of Polar Cap (PC) index scaling parameters. For the publication commented here, Troshichev et al. (2011), the authors state having used scaling parameters of the invalid PC index version but have actually substituted parameters from another version instead. The mingling of PC index versions has resulted in erroneous illustrations in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8 and the issuing of non-substantiated statements.
Mirko Piersanti, Paola De Michelis, Dario Del Moro, Roberta Tozzi, Michael Pezzopane, Giuseppe Consolini, Maria Federica Marcucci, Monica Laurenza, Simone Di Matteo, Alessio Pignalberi, Virgilio Quattrociocchi, and Piero Diego
Ann. Geophys., 38, 703–724, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-703-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-703-2020, 2020
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This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the solar event that occurred on 25 August 2018. This kind of comprehensive analysis plays a key role in better understanding the complexity of the processes occurring in the Sun–Earth system determining the geoeffectiveness of manifestations of solar activity. The analysis presented here shows for the first time a direct link between characteristics of solar perturbation, the magnetosphere–ionosphere system response and space weather effects.
Antti Lakka, Tuija I. Pulkkinen, Andrew P. Dimmock, Emilia Kilpua, Matti Ala-Lahti, Ilja Honkonen, Minna Palmroth, and Osku Raukunen
Ann. Geophys., 37, 561–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-561-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-561-2019, 2019
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We study how the Earth's space environment responds to two different amplitude interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) events that occurred in 2012 and 2014 by using the GUMICS-4 global MHD model. We examine local and large-scale dynamics of the Earth's space environment and compare simulation results to in situ data. It is shown that during moderate driving simulation agrees well with the measurements; however, GMHD results should be interpreted cautiously during strong driving.
Nikolai Østgaard, Jone P. Reistad, Paul Tenfjord, Karl M. Laundal, Theresa Rexer, Stein E. Haaland, Kristian Snekvik, Michael Hesse, Stephen E. Milan, and Anders Ohma
Ann. Geophys., 36, 1577–1596, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1577-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1577-2018, 2018
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In this paper we take advantage of having two auroral imaging missions giving simultaneous data of both the southern and northern aurora. Combined with all available in situ measurements from space and global ground-based networks, we explore the asymmetric behavior of geospace. We find large auroral asymmetries and different reconnection geometry in the two hemispheres. During substorm expansion phase asymmetries are reduced.
Jay R. Johnson, Simon Wing, and Enrico Camporeale
Ann. Geophys., 36, 945–952, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-945-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-945-2018, 2018
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The magnetospheric response to the solar wind is nonlinear. Information theoretical tools are able to characterize the nonlinearities in the system. We show that nonlinear significance of Dst peaks at lags of 3–12 hours which can be attributed to VBs, which also exhibits similar behavior. However, the nonlinear significance that peaks at lags of 25, 50, and 90 hours can be attributed to internal dynamics, which may be related to the relaxation of the ring current.
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Short summary
Magnetopause reconnection is a process whereby the Sun explosively transfers energy to the Earth. Whether the process is spatially patchy or spatially continuous and extended has been under long debate. We use space–ground coordination to overcome the limitations of previous studies and reliably interpret spatial extent. Our result strongly indicates that both patchy and extended reconnection is possible and, interestingly, that extended reconnection grows from a localized patch via spreading.
Magnetopause reconnection is a process whereby the Sun explosively transfers energy to the...
