Using horizontal wind data collected by the dual-frequency Stratosphere-Troposphere-Meteor radar at the Langfang Observatory, the spatiotemporal characteristics and propagation properties of planetary waves in the troposphere-stratosphere (ST) and mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) were explored, along with their interactions across different atmospheric layers. These new observations enhance our understanding of vertical coupling between the ST and MLT through planetary waves.

The study makes use of magnetic field data from the closely spaced Swarm A and C spacecraft during the counter rotating orbit phase. It allows to investigate the spatial and temporal correlation lengths of small- and meso-scale FAC structures at auroral latitudes. Stability features of small-scale FACs (10–70 km wavelength) are: temporal <18 s, correlation length <12 km. For meso-scale FACs (100–300 km wavelength) we obtain a stationarity of >40 s and correlation length >42 km.

This study redefines our understanding of the factors influencing changes during solar eclipses by integrating observations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) lines, winds, and gravity waves within the lunar umbra cone. This integration leads to a novel theory that reveals a magnetic vortex in the moon's wake that explains the origins of these changes and their impact on the atmosphere, winds, and Foucault's pendulum.

Flux ropes are peculiar structures of twisted magnetic field occurring in many regions of space, near Earth and other planets, at the Sun, and in astrophysical objects. We developed a new way of detecting flux ropes in large supercomputer simulations of near-Earth space and we use it to follow the evolution of flux ropes for long distances past the Earth in the flow direction. This will be useful in future studies as these flux ropes are involved in the transport of matter and energy in space.

We studied the first broad band emissions, called continuum, in the dayside aurora. They are similar to STEVE with white, pale pink or mauve coloured light. But unlike STEVE, they follow the dayside aurora forming rays and other dynamic shapes. We used ground optical and radar observations and found evidence of heating and upwelling of both plasma and neutral air. This study provides new information on conditions for continuum emission, but its understanding will require further work.

This study explores how different particle temperatures and distributions affect electromagnetic waves in space. We found that these factors significantly alter wave behavior compared to traditional theories.

This research explores how Hydrogen ions and Oxygen ions move and gain energy in Earth’s magnetosphere at high altitudes and latitudes. Using Monte Carlo simulations, predictions of mean particle theory, and corresponding observations, we compared different energy profiles of Hydrogen and Oxygen ions across polar wind, aurora, cusp, and central polar cap. Our findings reveal that unique interactions in each area affect energy gain differently, with implications for future space weather models.

Our research explored the "shock aurora," caused by the impact of solar wind particles on Earth's magnetic field. On February 26, 2023, we observed this rare event on the nightside, where such observations are difficult. Ground-based cameras revealed new structural features, including undulating and jumping patterns. These results provide fresh insights into the complex interactions between the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere, enhancing our understanding of space weather effects.