Articles | Volume 40, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-463-2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-463-2022
Regular paper
 | 
07 Jul 2022
Regular paper |  | 07 Jul 2022

Sounding of sporadic E layers from China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) radio occultation and comparing with ionosonde measurements

Chengkun Gan, Jiayu Hu, Xiaomin Luo, Chao Xiong, and Shengfeng Gu

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Cited articles

Arras, C. and Wickert, J.: Estimation of ionospheric sporadic E intensities from GPS radio occultation measurements, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 171, 60–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2017.08.006, 2017. 
Arras, C., Wickert, J., Beyerle, G., Heise, S., Schmidt, T., and Jacobi, C.: A global climatology of ionospheric irregularities derived from GPS radio occultation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L14809, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034158, 2008. 
Arras, C., Jacobi, C., and Wickert, J.: Semidiurnal tidal signature in sporadic E occurrence rates derived from GPS radio occultation measurements at higher midlatitudes, Ann. Geophys., 27, 2555–2563, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2555-2009, 2009. 
Axford, W. I.: The formation and vertical movement of dense ionized layers in the ionosphere due to neutral wind shears, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 769–779, https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ068i003p00769, 1963. 
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We develop a new criterion to determine Es, i.e., when the mean value of the absolute value of the difference between the normalized SNR is greater than 3 times the standard deviation. We show that Es have strong seasonal variations, with the highest occurrence rates in the summer season at midlatitudes mainly located at 90–110 km at 14:00–20:00 LT. The comparison of Es altitudes from radio occultation profiles with ionosonde revealed a large correspondence between both measurement techniques.