Articles | Volume 38, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-421-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-421-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular paper
| 
31 Mar 2020
Regular paper |
| 31 Mar 2020
| 31 Mar 2020
Migrating and non-migrating tides observed in the stratosphere from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC temperature retrievals
Indian Institute of Information Technology Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
William E. Ward
Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
Chen Jeih Pan
Institute of Space Science, National Central University, Zhongli, Taiwan
Sanat Kumar Das
Environmental Sciences Section, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
Related authors
U. Das and C. J. Pan
Ann. Geophys., 31, 581–590, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-581-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-581-2013, 2013
Samuel K. Kristoffersen, William E. Ward, and Chris E. Meek
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3995–4014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3995-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3995-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, the relationship between observations from two instruments, a meteor radar and a field-widened Michelson interferometer (ERWIN) which provide complementary information on this region, is investigated. On average the ratio of ERWIN winds to meteor radar winds is ∼ 0.7. Differences between the wind observations may be caused by variations in the airglow brightness associated with dissipating gravity waves.
Tingyu Yan, Jeffery A. Langille, William E. Ward, William A. Gault, Alan Scott, Andrew Bell, Driss Touahiri, Sheng-Hai Zheng, and Chunmin Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6213–6232, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6213-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6213-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution interferometers are routinely used to measure upper atmospheric motions by measuring small Doppler shifts in spectrally isolated airglow emissions. The birefringent interferometer presented in this paper has similar capabilities as several existing state-of-the-art instruments but is smaller and less complex to construct and operate. This paper presents the measurement technique and characterization of a lab prototype and examines the performance of the instrument.
Maya García-Comas, Francisco González-Galindo, Bernd Funke, Angela Gardini, Aythami Jurado-Navarro, Manuel López-Puertas, and William E. Ward
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11019–11041, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11019-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11019-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, for the first time, temperature longitudinal oscillations are derived from 20 to 150 km from a single instrument. A climatology of amplitudes and phases of zonal waves with odd daily frequencies is presented on a global scale. The interannual variability in amplitudes of the migrating modes shows a QBO in the MLT, which is probably originated in the stratosphere. The results are useful for testing general circulation models considering tidal effects in the MLT region.
U. Das and C. J. Pan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 731–742, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-731-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-731-2014, 2014
S. K. Das, J.-P. Chen, M. Venkat Ratnam, and A. Jayaraman
Ann. Geophys., 31, 647–663, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-647-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-647-2013, 2013
U. Das and C. J. Pan
Ann. Geophys., 31, 581–590, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-581-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-581-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Terrestrial atmosphere and its relation to the sun | Keywords: Middle atmosphere dynamics
TIMED Doppler Interferometer measurements of neutral winds at the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and comparison to meteor radar winds
Investigating the role of gravity waves in mesosphere and lower-thermosphere (MLT) inversions at low latitudes
Propagating characteristics of mesospheric gravity waves observed by an OI 557.7 nm airglow all-sky camera at Mt. Bohyun (36.2° N, 128.9° E)
Modelling the residual mean meridional circulation at different stages of sudden stratospheric warming events
Stratospheric influence on the mesosphere–lower thermosphere over mid latitudes in winter observed by a Fabry–Perot interferometer
Local stratopause temperature variabilities and their embedding in the global context
Relation between the interannual variability in the stratospheric Rossby wave forcing and zonal mean fields suggesting an interhemispheric link in the stratosphere
Impact of local gravity wave forcing in the lower stratosphere on the polar vortex stability: effect of longitudinal displacement
Stratospheric observations of noctilucent clouds: a new approach in studying middle- and large-scale mesospheric dynamics
High-resolution Beijing mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere (MST) radar detection of tropopause structure and variability over Xianghe (39.75° N, 116.96° E), China
Effect of latitudinally displaced gravity wave forcing in the lower stratosphere on the polar vortex stability
Global analysis for periodic variations in gravity wave squared amplitudes and momentum fluxes in the middle atmosphere
Notes on the correlation between sudden stratospheric warmings and solar activity
Connection between the length of day and wind measurements in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at mid- and high latitudes
Semidiurnal solar tide differences between fall and spring transition times in the Northern Hemisphere
Arthur Gauthier, Claudia Borries, Alexander Kozlovsky, Diego Janches, Peter Brown, Denis Vida, Christoph Jacobi, Damian Murphy, Masaki Tsutsumi, Njål Gulbrandsen, Satonori Nozawa, Mark Lester, Johan Kero, Nicholas Mitchell, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, and Gunter Stober
Ann. Geophys., 43, 427–440, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-427-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-427-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on a TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI)–meteor radar (MR) comparison of zonal and meridional winds and their dependence on local time and latitude. The correlation calculation between TIDI wind measurements and MR winds shows good agreement. A TIDI–MR seasonal comparison and analysis of the altitude–latitude dependence for winds are performed. TIDI reproduces the mean circulation well when compared with MRs and may be a useful lower boundary for general circulation models.
Chalachew Lingerew and U. Jaya Prakash Raju
Ann. Geophys., 43, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The study uses data from soundings of the SABER satellite to examine the mesospheric inversion layer (MIL) and the related gravity wave energy and instability. In the mesosphere and lower-thermosphere (MLT) region, upper inversions occur with less than 40 % frequency, while the lower inversions are below 20 %. High gravity wave energy (~100 J/kg) in the upper MLT (85–90 km) is linked to instability, driving inversion phenomena. Conversely, the trend is less pronounced in the lower-MLT region.
Jun-Young Hwang, Young-Sook Lee, Yong Ha Kim, Hosik Kam, Seok-Min Song, Young-Sil Kwak, and Tae-Yong Yang
Ann. Geophys., 40, 247–257, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-247-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-247-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed all-sky camera images observed at Mt. Bohyun observatory (36.2° N, 128.9° E) for the period of 2017–2019. We retrieved gravity wave parameters including horizontal wavelength, phase velocity and period from the image data. The horizontally propagating directions of the wave were biased according to their seasons, exerted with filtering effect by prevailing background winds. We also evaluated the nature of vertical propagation of the wave for each season.
Andrey V. Koval, Wen Chen, Ksenia A. Didenko, Tatiana S. Ermakova, Nikolai M. Gavrilov, Alexander I. Pogoreltsev, Olga N. Toptunova, Ke Wei, Anna N. Yarusova, and Anton S. Zarubin
Ann. Geophys., 39, 357–368, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical modelling is used to simulate atmospheric circulation and calculate residual mean meridional circulation (RMC) during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events. Calculating the RMC is used to take into account wave effects on the transport of atmospheric quantities and gas species in the meridional plane. The results show that RMC undergoes significant changes at different stages of SSW and contributes to SSW development.
Olga S. Zorkaltseva and Roman V. Vasilyev
Ann. Geophys., 39, 267–276, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-267-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-267-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
One of the fundamental tasks of atmospheric physics is the study of the processes of vertical interaction of atmospheric layers. We carried out observations with a Fabry–Perot interferometer at an altitude of 90–100 km. We have shown that sudden stratospheric warming and active planetary waves have an impact on the dynamics of the upper atmosphere. That is, the green line airglow decreases and the temperature rises. Major warming causes the reversal of the zonal wind in the upper atmosphere.
Ronald Eixmann, Vivien Matthias, Josef Höffner, Gerd Baumgarten, and Michael Gerding
Ann. Geophys., 38, 373–383, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-373-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-373-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this study is to bring local variabilities into a global context. To qualitatively study the impact of global waves on local measurements in winter, we combine local lidar measurements with global MERRA-2 reanalysis data. Our results show that about 98 % of the local day-to-day variability can be explained by the variability of waves with zonal wave numbers 1, 2 and 3. Thus locally measured effects which are not based on global wave variability can be investigated much better.
Yuki Matsushita, Daiki Kado, Masashi Kohma, and Kaoru Sato
Ann. Geophys., 38, 319–329, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-319-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-319-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Interannual variabilities of the zonal mean wind and temperature related to the Rossby wave forcing in the winter stratosphere of the Southern Hemisphere are studied using 38-year reanalysis data. Correlation of the mean fields to the wave forcing is extended to the subtropics of the Northern Hemisphere. This interhemispheric link is caused by the wave forcing which reduces the meridional gradient of the angular momentum and drives the meridional circulation over the Equator in the stratosphere.
Nadja Samtleben, Aleš Kuchař, Petr Šácha, Petr Pišoft, and Christoph Jacobi
Ann. Geophys., 38, 95–108, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-95-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-95-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The additional transfer of momentum and energy induced by locally breaking gravity wave hotspots in the lower stratosphere may lead to a destabilization of the polar vortex, which is strongly dependent on the position of the hotspot. The simulations with a global circulation model show that hotspots located above Eurasia cause a total decrease in the stationary planetary wave (SPW) activity, while the impact of hotspots located in North America mostly increase the SPW activity.
Peter Dalin, Nikolay Pertsev, Vladimir Perminov, Denis Efremov, and Vitaly Romejko
Ann. Geophys., 38, 61–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-61-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-61-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A unique stratospheric balloon-borne observation of noctilucent clouds (NLCs) was performed at night on 5–6 July 2018. A sounding balloon, carrying the NLC camera, reached 20.4 km altitude. NLCs were observed from the stratosphere at large scales (100–1500 km) for the first time. Propagations of gravity waves of various scales were registered. This experiment is rather simple and can be reproduced by the broad geoscience community and amateurs, providing a new technique in NLC observations.
Feilong Chen, Gang Chen, Yufang Tian, Shaodong Zhang, Kaiming Huang, Chen Wu, and Weifan Zhang
Ann. Geophys., 37, 631–643, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-631-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-631-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using the Beijing MST radar echo-power observations collected during the period November 2011–May 2017, the structure and variability of the tropopause over Xianghe, China (39.75° N, 116.96° E), was presented. Our comparison results showed a good agreement between the radar and thermal tropopauses during all seasons. In contrast, the consistency between the radar and dynamical tropopauses is poor during summer. Diurnal oscillation in tropopause height is commonly observed during all seasons.
Nadja Samtleben, Christoph Jacobi, Petr Pišoft, Petr Šácha, and Aleš Kuchař
Ann. Geophys., 37, 507–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-507-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-507-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations of locally breaking gravity wave hot spots in the stratosphere show a suppression of wave propagation at midlatitudes, which is partly compensated for by additional wave propagation through the polar region. This leads to a displacement of the polar vortex towards lower latitudes. The effect is highly dependent on the position of the artificial gravity wave forcing. It is strongest (weakest) for hot spots at lower to middle latitudes (higher latitudes).
Dan Chen, Cornelia Strube, Manfred Ern, Peter Preusse, and Martin Riese
Ann. Geophys., 37, 487–506, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-487-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-487-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, for the first time, absolute gravity wave momentum flux (GWMF) on temporal scales from terannual variation up to solar cycle length is investigated. The systematic spectral analysis of SABER absolute GWMF is presented and physically interpreted. The various roles of filtering and oblique propagating are discussed, which is likely an important factor for MLT dynamics, and hence can be used as a stringent test bed of the reproduction of such features in global models.
Ekaterina Vorobeva
Ann. Geophys., 37, 375–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-375-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-375-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the statistical relationship between solar activity and the occurrence rate of major sudden stratospheric warmings (MSSWs). For this purpose, the 10.7 cm radio flux (F10.7) has been used as a proxy for solar activity. The calculations have been performed based on two datasets of central day (NCEP–NCAR-I and combined ERA) for the period from 1958 to 2013. The analysis revealed a positive correlation between MSSW events and solar activity.
Sven Wilhelm, Gunter Stober, Vivien Matthias, Christoph Jacobi, and Damian J. Murphy
Ann. Geophys., 37, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-1-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-1-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that the mesospheric winds are affected by an expansion–shrinking of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere that takes place due to changes in the intensity of the solar radiation, which affects the density within the atmosphere. On seasonal timescales, an increase in the neutral density occurs together with a decrease in the eastward-directed zonal wind. Further, even after removing the seasonal and the 11-year solar cycle variations, we show a connection between them.
J. Federico Conte, Jorge L. Chau, Fazlul I. Laskar, Gunter Stober, Hauke Schmidt, and Peter Brown
Ann. Geophys., 36, 999–1008, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-999-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-999-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Based on comparisons of meteor radar measurements with HAMMONIA model simulations, we show that the differences exhibited by the semidiurnal solar tide (S2) observed at middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere between equinox times are mainly due to distinct behaviors of the migrating semidiurnal (SW2) and the non-migrating westward-propagating wave number 1 semidiurnal (SW1) tidal components.
Cited articles
Anthes, R. A., Ector, D., Hunt, D. C., Kuo, Y. H., Rocken, C., Schreiner,
W. S., Sokolovskiy, S. V., Syndergaard, S., Wee, T. K., Zeng, Z., Bernhardt,
P. A., Dymond, K. F., Chen, Y., Liu, H., Manning, K., Randel, W. J.,
Trenberth, K. E., Cucurull, L., Healy, S. B., Ho, S. P., McCormick, C.,
Meehan, T. K., Thompson, D. C., and Yen, N. L.: The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3
Mission: Early Results, Bull. Am. Meteorl. Soc., 89, 313–333, 2008. a, b
Baumgarten, K. and Stober, G.: On the evaluation of the phase relation between
temperature and wind tides based on ground-based measurements and reanalysis
data in the middle atmosphere, Ann. Geophys., 37, 581–602,
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-581-2019, 2019. a, b, c
Baumgarten, K., Gerding, M., Baumgarten, G., and Lubken, F.-J.: Temporal
variability of tidal and gravity waves during a record long 10-day continuous
lidar sounding, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 371–384,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-371-2018, 2018. a
Chapman, S. and Lindzen, R.: Atmospheric Tides: Thermal and Gravitational,
Springer Netherlands, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3399-2, 1970. a
COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology/Ionosphere and Climate): Atmospheric Profiles (atmPrf) from COSMIC Occultation Data. COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center, https://cdaac-www.cosmic.ucar.edu/cdaac/products.html (last access: 6 August 2019), 2013.
Das, U. and Pan, C. J.: Validation of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC level 2 “atmPrf” global temperature data in the stratosphere, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 731–742, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-731-2014, 2014. a, b
Forbes, J., Kilpatrick, M., Fritts, D., Manson, A., and Vincent, R.: Zonal mean
and tidal dynamics from space: An empirical examination of aliasing and
sampling issues, Springer, Ann. Geophys., 15, 1158–1164, 1997. a
Forbes, J. M. and Garrett, H. B.: Theoretical Studies of Atmospheric Tides,
Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 17, 1951–1981, 1979. a
Gan, Q., Du, J., Ward, W. E., Beagley, S. R., Fomichev, V. I., and Zhang, S.:
Climatology of the diurnal tides from eCMAM30 (1979 to 2010) and its
comparison with SABER, Earth, Planet. Space, 66, 1–24, 2014. a
Hagan, M. E. and Forbes, J. M.: Migrating and nonmigrating diurnal tides in the middle and upper
atmosphere excited by tropospheric latent heat release, J. Geophys. Res.,
107, 4754, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001236, 2002. a
Hagan, M. E. and Forbes, J. M.: Migrating and nonmigrating semidiurnal tides in the upper
atmosphere excited by tropospheric latent heat release, J. Geophys. Res.,
108, 1062, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009466, 2003. a
Immel, T., Sagawa, E., England, S., Henderson, S., Hagan, M., Mende, S., Frey,
H., Swenson, C., and Paxton, L.: Control of equatorial ionospheric morphology
by atmospheric tides, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026161, 2006. a
Kursinski, E. R., Hajj, G. A., Schofield, J. T., Linfield, R. P., and Hardy,
K. R.: Observing Earth's atmosphere with radio occultation measurements using
the Global Positioning System, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23429–23465,
https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD01569,
1997. a, b, c
Liu, H.-L., Li, T., She, C.-Y., Oberheide, J., Wu, Q., Hagan, M., Xu, J.,
Roble, R., Mlynczak, M., and Russell III, J.: Comparative study of short-term
diurnal tidal variability, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D18108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008542, 2007. a, b, c
McCormack, J., Hoppel, K., Kuhl, D., de Wit, R., Stober, G., Espy, P., Baker,
N., Brown, P., Fritts, D., Jacobi, C., Janches, D., Mitchekk, N., Ruston, B., Swadley, S., Viner, K., and Whitcomb, T.: Comparison of mesospheric
winds from a high-altitude meteorological analysis system and meteor radar
observations during the boreal winters of 2009–2010 and 2012–2013, J.
Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 154, 132–166, 2017. a, b, c
Mertens, C. J., Schmidlin, F. J., Goldberg, R. A., Remsberg, E. E., Pesnell,
W. D., Russell III, J. M., Mlynczak, M. G., López-Puertas, M.,
Wintersteiner, P. P., Picard, R. H., Winick, J. R., and Gordley, L. L.:
SABER observations of mesospheric temperatures and comparisons with falling
sphere measurements taken during the 2002 summer MaCWAVE campaign, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 31, L03105, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018605, 2004. a
Mukhtarov, P., Pancheva, D., and Andonov, B.: Global structure and seasonal and
interannual variability of the migrating diurnal tide seen in the
SABER/TIMED temperatures between 20 and 120 km, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A02309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013759,
2009. a
Niu, X., Du, J., and Zhu, X.: Statistics on Nonmigrating Diurnal Tides
Generated by Tide-Planetary Wave Interaction and Their Relationship to Sudden
Stratospheric Warming, Atmosphere, 9, 416, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110416, 2018. a, b
Oberheide, J., Hagan, M., Roble, R., and Offermann, D.: Sources of nonmigrating
tides in the tropical middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 4567, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002220, 2002. a
Oberheide, J., Forbes, J. M., Zhang, X., and Bruinsma, S. L.: Wave-driven
variability in the ionosphere-thermosphere-mesosphere system from TIMED
observations: What contributes to the “wave 4”?, J. Geophys. Res., 116,
A01306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015911, 2011a. a
Oberheide, J., Forbes, J. M., Zhang, X., and Bruinsma, S. L.: Climatology of
upward propagating diurnal and semidiurnal tides in the thermosphere, J.
Geophys. Res., 116, A11306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016784, 2011b. a
Pancheva, D. and Mukhtarov, P.: Wavelet analysis on transient behaviour of tidal amplitude fluctuations observed by meteor radar in the lower thermosphere above Bulgaria, Ann. Geophys., 18, 316–331, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0316-3, 2000. a
Pedatella, N., Oberheide, J., Sutton, E., Liu, H.-L., Anderson, J., and Raeder,
K.: Short-term nonmigrating tide variability in the mesosphere, thermosphere,
and ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 121, 3621–3633, 2016. a
Pirscher, B., Foelsche, U., Borsche, M., Kirchengast, G., and Kuo, Y. H.:
Analysis of migrating diurnal tides detected in FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC temperature
data, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D14108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013008, 2010. a, b, c
Remsberg, E., Lingenfelser, G., Harvey, V. L., Grose, W., Russell, J., I.,
Mlynczak, M., Gordley, L., and Marshall, B. T.: On the verification of the
quality of SABER temperature, geopotential height, and wind fields by
comparison with Met Office assimilated analyses, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4628, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003720,
2003. a
Remsberg, E. E., Marshall, B. T., Garcia-Comas, M., Krueger, D., Lingenfelser,
G. S., Martin-Torres, J., Mlynczak, M. G., Russell, J. M., Smith, A. K.,
Zhao, Y., Brown, C., Gordley, L. L., Lopez-Gonzalez, M. J., Lopez-Puertas,
M., She, C. Y., Taylor, M. J., and Thompson, R. E.: Assessment of the quality
of the Version 1.07 temperature-versus-pressure profiles of the middle
atmosphere from TIMED/SABER, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D17101,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010013, 2008. a, b
Sakazaki, T., Fujiwara, M., Zhang, X., Hagan, M. E., and Forbes, J. M.: Diurnal
tides from the troposphere to the lower mesosphere as deduced from
TIMED/SABER satellite data and six global reanalysis data sets, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D13108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd017117, 2012. a, b, c
Sakazaki, T., Fujiwara, M., and Shiotani, M.: Representation of solar tides in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere in state-of-the-art reanalyses and in satellite observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1437–1456, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1437-2018, 2018. a, b
Scherllin-Pirscher, B., Steiner, A. K., Kirchengast, G., Schwärz, M., and
Leroy, S. S.: The power of vertical geolocation of atmospheric profiles from
GNSS radio occultation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 1595–1616,
2017. a
She, C. Y., Li, T., Collins, R. L., Yuan, T., Williams, B. P., Kawahara, T. D.,
Vance, J. D., Acott, P., Krueger, D. A., Liu, H.-L., and Hagan, M. E.: Tidal
perturbations and variability in the mesopause region over Fort Collins, CO
(41∘ N, 105∘ W): Continuous multi-day temperature and wind
lidar observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24111, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021165, 2004. a, b
Shepherd, G. G., Thuillier, G., Cho, Y. M., Duboin, M. L., Evans, W. F. J.,
Gault, W. A., Hersom, C., Kendall, D. J. W., Lathuillère, C., Lowe, R. P.,
McDade, I. C., Rochon, Y. J., Shepherd, M. G., Solheim, B. H., Wang, D. Y.,
and Ward, W. E.: The Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) on the Upper
Atmosphere Research Satellite: A 20 year perspective, Rev. Geophys., 50,
RG2007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012RG000390, 2012. a
Wu, D. L. and Jiang, J. H.: Interannual and seasonal variations of diurnal
tide, gravity wave, ozone, and water vapor as observed by MLS during
1991–1994, Adv. Space Res., 35, 1999–2004, 2005. a
Wu, D. L., McLandress, C., Read, W. G., Waters, J. W., and Froidevaux, L.:
Equatorial diurnal variations observed in UARS Microwave Limb Sounder
temperature during 1991-1994 and simulated by the Canadian Middle Atmosphere
Model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 8909–8917, 1998. a
Wu, Q., Killeen, T. L., Ortland, D. A., Solomon, S. C., Gablehouse, R. D.,
Johnson, R. M., Skinner, W. R., Niciejewski, R. J., and Franke, S. J.:
TIMED Doppler interferometer (TIDI) observations of migrating diurnal and
semidiurnal tides, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 68, 408–417, 2006. a
Wu, Q., McEwen, D., Guo, W., Niciejewski, R., Roble, R., and Won, Y.-I.:
Long-term thermospheric neutral wind observations over the northern polar
cap, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 70, 2014–2030, 2008. a
Xu, J., Smith, A. K., Liu, M., Liu, X., Gao, H., Jiang, G., and Yuan, W.:
Evidence for nonmigrating tides produced by the interaction between tides and
stationary planetary waves in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere, J.
Geophys. Res., 119, 471–489, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jd020150, 2014. a, b, c, d, e, f
Xue, X., Wan, W., Xiong, J., and Dou, X.: Diurnal tides in
mesosphere/low-thermosphere during 2002 at Wuhan (30.6∘ N, 114.4∘ E) using
canonical correlation analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D06104, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007490, 2007. a
Zeng, Z., Randel, W., Sokolovskiy, S., Deser, C., Kuo, Y.-H., Hagan, M., Du,
J., and Ward, W.: Detection of migrating diurnal tide in the tropical upper
troposphere and lower stratosphere using the Challenging Minisatellite
Payload radio occultation data, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D03102,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008725, 2008. a
Zhang, X., Forbes, J. M., Hagan, M. E., Russell, J. M., Palo, S. E., Mertens,
C. J., and Mlynczak, M. G.: Monthly tidal temperatures 20–120 km from
TIMED/SABER, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10S08, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011504, 2006. a
Short summary
Temperatures obtained from FORMOSAT-3 and COSMIC observations in the stratosphere are analysed for tidal variations. It is seen that non-migrating tides are not very significant in the high-latitude winter stratosphere. It is shown that the observed amplitudes of these tides in earlier studies are most probably a result of aliasing and are not geophysical in nature. Thus, the process of non-linear interactions through which it was believed that they are produced seems to be unimportant.
Temperatures obtained from FORMOSAT-3 and COSMIC observations in the stratosphere are analysed...
