Articles | Volume 41, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-511-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-511-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular paper
| 
20 Nov 2023
Regular paper |
| 20 Nov 2023
| 20 Nov 2023
Three-dimensional ionospheric conductivity associated with pulsating auroral patches: reconstruction from ground-based optical observations
Mizuki Fukizawa
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Space and Upper Atmospheric Sciences Group, National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, 190-8518, Japan
Yoshimasa Tanaka
Space and Upper Atmospheric Sciences Group, National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, 190-8518, Japan
Polar Environment Data Science Center, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, 190-0014, Japan
Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tachikawa, 190-8518, Japan
Yasunobu Ogawa
Space and Upper Atmospheric Sciences Group, National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, 190-8518, Japan
Polar Environment Data Science Center, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, 190-0014, Japan
Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tachikawa, 190-8518, Japan
Keisuke Hosokawa
Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, 182-8585, Japan
Tero Raita
Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
Kirsti Kauristie
Department of Space Physics, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland
Related authors
Tomotaka Tanaka, Yasunobu Ogawa, Yuto Katoh, Mizuki Fukizawa, Anton Artemyev, Vassilis Angelopoulos, Xiao-Jia Zhang, Yoshimasa Tanaka, and Akira Kadokura
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-768, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-768, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The magnetic mirror force bends the orbits of electrons precipitating into the atmosphere. It has been suggested that relativistic electrons make much less ionization due to the force than if it did not exist, but the actual effectivity in the atmospheric electron density has not been revealed. We used conjugated observational data from the ELFIN satellite and the EISCAT Tromsø radar to find that the electron density decreased by about 40 % at 80 km altitude because of the force.
Mizuki Fukizawa, Takeshi Sakanoi, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Yasunobu Ogawa, Keisuke Hosokawa, Björn Gustavsson, Kirsti Kauristie, Alexander Kozlovsky, Tero Raita, Urban Brändström, and Tima Sergienko
Ann. Geophys., 40, 475–484, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-475-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-475-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The pulsating auroral generation mechanism has been investigated by observing precipitating electrons using rockets or satellites. However, it is difficult for such observations to distinguish temporal changes from spatial ones. In this study, we reconstructed the horizontal 2-D distribution of precipitating electrons using only auroral images. The 3-D aurora structure was also reconstructed. We found that there were both spatial and temporal changes in the precipitating electron energy.
Roman Leonhardt, Benoit Heumez, Tero Raita, and Jan Reda
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2553, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2553, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
IMBOT , the INTERMAGNET ROBOT, has been developed to perform automated routines to convert and evaluate data submission to INTERMAGNET, a global network of geomagnetic observatories. IMBOT makes data review faster and more reliable, providing high-quality data for the geomagnetic community.
Sota Nanjo, Masatoshi Yamauchi, Magnar Gullikstad Johnsen, Yoshihiro Yokoyama, Urban Brändström, Yasunobu Ogawa, Anna Naemi Willer, and Keisuke Hosokawa
Ann. Geophys., 43, 303–317, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-303-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-303-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our research explores the shock aurora, which is typically observed on the dayside due to the rapid compression of the Earth's magnetic field. We observed this rare aurora on the nightside, a region where such events are difficult to detect. Using ground-based cameras, we identified new features, including leaping and vortex-like patterns. These findings offer a fresh insight into the interactions between the solar wind and the magnetosphere, enhancing our understanding of space weather and its effects.
Tomotaka Tanaka, Yasunobu Ogawa, Yuto Katoh, Mizuki Fukizawa, Anton Artemyev, Vassilis Angelopoulos, Xiao-Jia Zhang, Yoshimasa Tanaka, and Akira Kadokura
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-768, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-768, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The magnetic mirror force bends the orbits of electrons precipitating into the atmosphere. It has been suggested that relativistic electrons make much less ionization due to the force than if it did not exist, but the actual effectivity in the atmospheric electron density has not been revealed. We used conjugated observational data from the ELFIN satellite and the EISCAT Tromsø radar to find that the electron density decreased by about 40 % at 80 km altitude because of the force.
Marc Hansen, Daniela Banyś, Mark Clilverd, David Wenzel, Tero Raita, and Mohammed Mainul Hoque
Ann. Geophys., 43, 55–65, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-55-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-55-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The amplitude of subionospheric very low-frequency (VLF) radio signals does not show a symmetrical behavior over the year, which would be expected from its dependency on the solar position. The VLF amplitude rather shows a distinctive sharp decrease around October, which is hence called the "October effect". This study is the first to systematically investigate this October effect, which shows a clear latitudinal dependency.
Tinna L. Gunnarsdottir, Ingrid Mann, Wuhu Feng, Devin R. Huyghebaert, Ingemar Haeggstroem, Yasunobu Ogawa, Norihito Saito, Satonori Nozawa, and Takuya D. Kawahara
Ann. Geophys., 42, 213–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-42-213-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-42-213-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Several tons of meteoric particles burn up in our atmosphere each day. This deposits a great deal of material that binds with other atmospheric particles and forms so-called meteoric smoke particles. These particles are assumed to influence radar measurements. Here, we have compared radar measurements with simulations of a radar spectrum with and without dust particles and found that dust influences the radar spectrum in the altitude range of 75–85 km.
Yoshimasa Tanaka, Yasunobu Ogawa, Akira Kadokura, Takehiko Aso, Björn Gustavsson, Urban Brändström, Tima Sergienko, Genta Ueno, and Satoko Saita
Ann. Geophys., 42, 179–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-42-179-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-42-179-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present via simulation how useful monochromatic images taken by a multi-point imager network are for auroral research in the EISCAT_3D project. We apply the generalized-aurora computed tomography (G-ACT) to modeled multiple auroral images and ionospheric electron density data. It is demonstrated that G-ACT provides better reconstruction results than the normal ACT and can interpolate ionospheric electron density at a much higher spatial resolution than observed by the EISCAT_3D radar.
Daniel K. Whiter, Noora Partamies, Björn Gustavsson, and Kirsti Kauristie
Ann. Geophys., 41, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the height of green and blue aurorae using thousands of camera images recorded over a 7-year period. Both colours are typically brightest at about 114 km altitude. When they peak at higher altitudes the blue aurora is usually higher than the green aurora. This information will help other studies which need an estimate of the auroral height. We used a computer model to explain our observations and to investigate how the green aurora is produced.
Noora Partamies, Daniel Whiter, Kirsti Kauristie, and Stefano Massetti
Ann. Geophys., 40, 605–618, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-605-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-605-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the local time behaviour of auroral structures and emission height. Data are collected from the Fennoscandian Lapland and Svalbard latitutes from 7 identical auroral all-sky cameras over about 1 solar cycle. The typical peak emission height of the green aurora varies from 110 km on the nightside to about 118 km in the morning over Lapland but stays systematically higher over Svalbard. During fast solar wind, nightside emission heights are 5 km lower than during slow solar wind.
Mizuki Fukizawa, Takeshi Sakanoi, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Yasunobu Ogawa, Keisuke Hosokawa, Björn Gustavsson, Kirsti Kauristie, Alexander Kozlovsky, Tero Raita, Urban Brändström, and Tima Sergienko
Ann. Geophys., 40, 475–484, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-475-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-475-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The pulsating auroral generation mechanism has been investigated by observing precipitating electrons using rockets or satellites. However, it is difficult for such observations to distinguish temporal changes from spatial ones. In this study, we reconstructed the horizontal 2-D distribution of precipitating electrons using only auroral images. The 3-D aurora structure was also reconstructed. We found that there were both spatial and temporal changes in the precipitating electron energy.
Sebastian Käki, Ari Viljanen, Liisa Juusola, and Kirsti Kauristie
Ann. Geophys., 40, 107–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-107-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During auroral substorms, the ionospheric electric currents change rapidly, and a large amount of energy is dissipated. We combine ionospheric current data derived from the Swarm satellite mission with the substorm database from the SuperMAG ground magnetometer network. We obtain statistics of the strength and location of the currents relative to the substorm onset. Our results show that low-earth orbit satellites give a coherent picture of the main features in the substorm current system.
Fasil Tesema, Noora Partamies, Daniel K. Whiter, and Yasunobu Ogawa
Ann. Geophys., 40, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present the comparison between an auroral model and EISCAT radar electron densities during pulsating aurorae. We test whether an overpassing satellite measurement of the average energy spectrum is a reasonable estimate for pulsating aurora electron precipitation. When patchy pulsating aurora is dominant in the morning sector, the overpass-averaged spectrum is found to be a reasonable estimate – but not when there is a mix of pulsating aurora types in the post-midnight sector.
Cited articles
Aso, T., Hashimoto, T., Abe, M., Ono, T., and Ejiri, M.: On the analysis of aurora stereo observations, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 42, 579–595, https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.42.579, 1990.
Aso, T., Gustavsson, B., Tanabe, K., Brändström, U., Sergienko, T., and Sandahl, I.: A proposed Bayesian model on the generalized tomographic inversion of aurora using multi-instrument data, Proc. 33rd Annu. Eur. Meet. Atmos. Stud. by Opt. Methods, IRF Sci. Rep., 28 August–1 September 2006, Kiruna, Sweden, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, 105–109, ISBN 978-91-977255-1-4, 2008.
Brekke, A.: Physics of the upper polar atmosphere, 2nd edn., Springer, Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-642-27400-8, 2013.
Brown, N. B., Davis, T. N., Hallinan, T. J., and Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C.: Altitude of pulsating aurora determined by a new instrumental thechnique, Geophys. Res. Lett., 3, 403–404, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL003i007p00403, 1976.
Fujii, R., Oguti, T., and Yamamoto, T.: Relationships between pulsating auroras and field-aligned electric currents, Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res. Spec. issue, 36, 95–1003, 1985.
Fukizawa, M.: Auroral images used in Fukizawa et al. (2023, ANGEO), TIB AV-Portal [video], https://doi.org/10.5446/63189, 2023.
Fukizawa, M., Sakanoi, T., Tanaka, Y., Ogawa, Y., Hosokawa, K., Gustavsson, B., Kauristie, K., Kozlovsky, A., Raita, T., Brändström, U., and Sergienko, T.: Reconstruction of precipitating electrons and three-dimensional structure of a pulsating auroral patch from monochromatic auroral images obtained from multiple observation points, Ann. Geophys., 40, 475–484, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-475-2022, 2022.
Gillies, D. M., Knudsen, D., Spanswick, E., Donovan, E., Burchill, J., and Patrick, M.: Swarm observations of field-aligned currents associated with pulsating auroral patches, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 120, 9484–9499, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021416, 2015.
Gledhill, J. A.: The effective recombination coefficient of electrons in the ionosphere between 50 and 150 km, Radio Sci., 21, 399–408, https://doi.org/10.1029/RS021i003p00399, 1986.
Gordon, R., Bender, R., and Herman, G. T.: Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (ART) for three-dimensional electron microscopy and X-ray photography, J. Theor. Biol., 29, 471–481, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(70)90109-8, 1970.
Greenwald, R. A., Baker, K. B., Dudeney, J. R., Pinnock, M., Jones, T. B., Thomas, E. C., Villain, J. P., Cerisier, J. C., Senior, C., Hanuise, C., Hunsucker, R. D., Sofko, G., Koehler, J., Nielsen, E., Pellinen, R., Walker, A. D. M., Sato, N., and Yamagishi, H.: DARN/SuperDARN – A global view of the dynamics of high-latitude convection, Space Sci. Rev., 71, 761–796, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00751350, 1995.
Hosokawa, K. and Ogawa, Y.: Pedersen current carried by electrons in auroral D-region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044746, 2010.
Hosokawa, K., Ogawa, Y., Kadokura, A., Miyaoka, H., and Sato, N.: Modulation of ionospheric conductance and electric field associated with pulsating aurora, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 115, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014683, 2010.
Jones, A. V.: Aurora, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, ISBN 978-90-277-0273-9, 1974.
Kasahara, S., Miyoshi, Y., Yokota, S., Mitani, T., Kasahara, Y., Matsuda, S., Kumamoto, A., Matsuoka, A., Kazama, Y., Frey, H. U., Angelopoulos, V., Kurita, S., Keika, K., Seki, K., and Shinohara, I.: Pulsating aurora from electron scattering by chorus waves, Nature, 554, 337–340, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25505, 2018.
Kawamura, M., Sakanoi, T., Fukizawa, M., Miyoshi, Y., Hosokawa, K., Tsuchiya, F., Katoh, Y., Ogawa, Y., Asamura, K., Saito, S., Spence, H., Johnson, A., Oyama, S., and Brändström, U.: Simultaneous pulsating aurora and microburst observations with ground-based fast auroral imagers and CubeSat FIREBIRD-II, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094494, 2021.
McEwen, D. J., Yee, E., Whalen, B. A., and Yau, A. W.: Electron energy measurements in pulsating auroras, Can. J. Phys., 59, 1106–1115, https://doi.org/10.1139/p81-146, 1981.
Miyoshi, Y., Katoh, Y., Nishiyama, T., Sakanoi, T., Asamura, K., and Hirahara, M.: Time of flight analysis of pulsating aurora electrons, considering wave-particle interactions with propagating whistler mode waves, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 115, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA015127, 2010.
Miyoshi, Y., Oyama, S., Saito, S., Kurita, S., Fujiwara, H., Kataoka, R., Ebihara, Y., Kletzing, C., Reeves, G., Santolik, O., Clilverd, M., Rodger, C. J., Turunen, E., and Tsuchiya, F.: Energetic electron precipitation associated with pulsating aurora: EISCAT and Van Allen Probe observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 120, 2754–2766, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020690, 2015.
Miyoshi, Y., Saito, S., Kurita, S., Asamura, K., Hosokawa, K., Sakanoi, T., Mitani, T., Ogawa, Y., Oyama, S., Tsuchiya, F., Jones, S. L., Jaynes, A. N., and Blake, J. B.: Relativistic electron microbursts as high-energy tail of pulsating aurora electrons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL090360, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090360, 2020.
Miyoshi, Y., Hosokawa, K., Kurita, S., Oyama, S. I., Ogawa, Y., Saito, S., Shinohara, I., Kero, A., Turunen, E., Verronen, P. T., Kasahara, S., Yokota, S., Mitani, T., Takashima, T., Higashio, N., Kasahara, Y., Matsuda, S., Tsuchiya, F., Kumamoto, A., Matsuoka, A., Hori, T., Keika, K., Shoji, M., Teramoto, M., Imajo, S., Jun, C., and Nakamura, S.: Penetration of MeV electrons into the mesosphere accompanying pulsating aurorae, Sci. Rep., 11, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92611-3, 2021.
Nishimura, Y., Bortnik, J., Li, W., Thorne, R. M., Lyons, L. R., Angelopoulos, V., Mende, S. B., Bonnell, J. W., Le Contel, O., Cully, C., Ergun, R., and Auster, U.: Identifying the driver of pulsating aurora, Science, 330, 81–84, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1193186, 2010.
Nishimura, Y., Bortnik, J., Li, W., Thorne, R. M., Chen, L., Lyons, L. R., Angelopoulos, V., Mende, S. B., Bonnell, J., Le Contel, O., Cully, C., Ergun, R., and Auster, U.: Multievent study of the correlation between pulsating aurora and whistler mode chorus emissions, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 116, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016876, 2011.
Ogawa, Y.: Watec observation database in NIPR for 55.7 nm at TRO, National Institute of Polar Research [data set], http://esr.nipr.ac.jp/www/optical/watec/tro/awi/rawdata/, last access: 10 October 2023a.
Ogawa, Y.: Watec observation database in NIPR for 55.7 nm at KIL, National Institute of Polar Research [data set], http://esr.nipr.ac.jp/www/optical/watec/kil/awi/rawdata/, last access: 10 October 2023b.
Ogawa, Y.: Watec observation database in NIPR for 55.7 and 427.8 nm at SKB, National Institute of Polar Research [data set], http://esr.nipr.ac.jp/www/optical/watec/skb/awi/rawdata/, last access: 10 October 2023c.
Ogawa, Y.: EISCAT database in NIPR, EISCAT [data set], http://pc115.seg20.nipr.ac.jp/www/eiscatdata/, last access: 27 February 2023d.
Ogawa, Y., Tanaka, Y., Kadokura, A., Hosokawa, K., Ebihara, Y., Motoba, T., Gustavsson, B., Brändström, U., Sato, Y., Oyama, S., Ozaki, M., Raita, T., Sigernes, F., Nozawa, S., Shiokawa, K., Kosch, M., Kauristie, K., Hall, C., Suzuki, S., Miyoshi, Y., Gerrard, A., Miyaoka, H., and Fujii, R.: Development of low-cost multi-wavelength imager system for studies of aurora and airglow, Polar Sci., 23, 100501, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2019.100501, 2020a.
Ogawa, Y., Kadokura, A., and Ejiri, M. K.: Optical calibration system of NIPR for aurora and airglow observations, Polar Sci., 26, 100570, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2020.100570, 2020b.
Oguti, T., Kokubun, S., Hayashi, K., Tsuruda, K., Machida, S., Kitamura, T., Saka, O., and Watanabe, T.: Statistics of pulsating auroras on the basis of all-sky TV data from five stations. I. Occurrence frequency, Can. J. Phys., 59, 1150–1157, https://doi.org/10.1139/p81-152, 1981.
Oguti, T., Meek, J. H., and Hayashi, K.: Multiple correlation between auroral and magnetic pulsations, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 2295–2303, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA089iA04p02295, 1984.
Picone, J. M., Hedin, A. E., Drob, D. P., and Aikin, A. C.: NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 107, 1468, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009430, 2002.
Raita, T. and Kauristie, K.: Subset of the MIRACLE emCCD all-sky camera data at 427.8 nm from ABK and KIL on 18 Feb 2018 00–02 UT, Etsin [data set], https://doi.org/10.23729/e86df44b-8dad-44e5-89f3-4bea0d3d1236, 2022.
Rees, M. H. and Luckey, D.: Auroral electron energy derived from ratio of spectroscopic emissions 1. Model computations, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 5181–5186, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA079i034p05181, 1974.
Ritter, P., Lühr, H., and Rauberg, J.: Determining field-aligned currents with the Swarm constellation mission, Earth, Planets Sp., 65, 1285–1294, https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2013.09.006, 2013.
Royrvik, O. and Davis, T. N.: Pulsating Aurora: Local and Global Morphology, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 4720–4740, 1977.
Sangalli, L., Partamies, N., Syrjäsuo, M., Enell, C. F., Kauristie, K., and Mäkinen, S.: Performance study of the new EMCCD-based all-sky cameras for auroral imaging, Int. J. Remote Sens., 32, 2987–3003, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.541505, 2011.
Semeter, J. and Kamalabadi, F.: Determination of primary electron spectra from incoherent scatter radar measurements of the auroral E region, Radio Sci., 40, RS2006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004RS003042, 2005.
Shumko, M., Gallardo-Lacourt, B., Halford, A. J., Liang, J., Blum, L. W., Donovan, E., Murphy, K. R., and Spanswick, E.: A strong correlation between relativistic electron microbursts and patchy aurora, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094696, 2021.
Solomon, S. C.: Global modeling of thermospheric airglow in the far ultraviolet, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 122, 7834–7848, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024314, 2017.
Stamm, J., Vierinen, J., Gustavsson, B., and Spicher, A.: A technique for volumetric incoherent scatter radar analysis, Ann. Geophys., 41, 55–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-55-2023, 2023.
Steele, D. P. and Mcewen, D. J.: Electron auroral excitation efficiencies and intensity ratios, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 10321–10336, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA07p10321, 1990.
Stone, M.: Cross-validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions (with discussion), J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B, 38, 102–102, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1976.tb01573.x, 1974.
Takahashi, T., Virtanen, I. I., Hosokawa, K., Ogawa, Y., Aikio, A., Miyaoka, H., and Kero, A.: Polarization electric field inside auroral patches: simultaneous experiment of EISCAT radars and KAIRA, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 124, 3543–3557, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026254, 2019.
Tanabe, K.: Projection method for solving a singular system of linear equations and its applications, Numer. Math., 17, 203–214, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01436376, 1971.
Tanaka, Y.-M., Aso, T., Gustavsson, B., Tanabe, K., Ogawa, Y., Kadokura, A., Miyaoka, H., Sergienko, T., Brändström, U., and Sandahl, I.: Feasibility study on Generalized-Aurora Computed Tomography, Ann. Geophys., 29, 551–562, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-551-2011, 2011.
Yamamoto, T.: On the temporal fluctuations of pulsating auroral luminosity, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 897–911, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA02p00897, 1988.
Yang, B., Donovan, E., Liang, J., Ruohoniemi, J. M., and Spanswick, E.: Using patchy pulsating aurora to remote sense magnetospheric convection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 5083–5089, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064700, 2015.
Download
The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.
- Article
(21283 KB) - Full-text XML
Short summary
We use computed tomography to reconstruct the three-dimensional distributions of the Hall and Pedersen conductivities of pulsating auroras, a key research target for understanding the magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling process. It is suggested that the high-energy electron precipitation associated with pulsating auroras may have a greater impact on the closure of field-aligned currents in the ionosphere than has been previously reported.
We use computed tomography to reconstruct the three-dimensional distributions of the Hall and...
