Articles | Volume 44, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-1043-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-1043-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular paper
| 
13 Oct 2026
Regular paper |
| 13 Oct 2026
| 13 Oct 2026
JUICE-JANUS observations of Earth in preparation for the JANUS investigation of Jupiter's atmosphere
Bilbao School of Engineering, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
Arrate Antuñano
Bilbao School of Engineering, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
Luisa María Lara
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain
Katrin Stephan
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
Angelo Zinzi
Italian Space Agency (ASI), Rome, Italy
Athena Coustenis
LIRA, Paris Observatory, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France
Yoav Yair
Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
Mitsuteru Sato
Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Junichi Haruyama
JAXA, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Sagamihara, Japan
Amy Simon
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Cecilia Tubiana
INAF, Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology (IAPS), Rome, Italy
Luca Penasa
INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Padova (OAPD), Padova, Italy
Livio Agostini
INAF, Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology (IAPS), Rome, Italy
Alice Lucchetti
INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Padova (OAPD), Padova, Italy
Alessio Aboudan
CISAS “G. Colombo”, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Michael Aye
Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Elke Kersten
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
Klaus-Dieter Matz
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
Romolo Politi
INAF, Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology (IAPS), Rome, Italy
Frank Trauthan
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
Ry Evill
Space Agency, ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany
Ines Belgacem
European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Takahashi Yukihiro
JAXA, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Sagamihara, Japan
Jose María Castro-Marin
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain
Vincenzo Della Corte
INAF – OACN (Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte), Napoli, Italy
Stubbe Hviid
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
Thomas Roatsch
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
Nicole Schmitz
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
Manish Patel
School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
Ganna Portyankina
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
Pasquale Palumbo
INAF, Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology (IAPS), Rome, Italy
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EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2655, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2655, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
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EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1901, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1901, 2026
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During a lunar flyby, the JANUS camera on board the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer mission captured detailed images of the Moon’s surface. We studied a large impact crater and a nearby highland region, finding evidence of complex surface changes over time and signs of unusual volcanic activity. These results improve our understanding of how the Moon evolved and confirm that the JANUS camera is ready for future exploration of Jupiter’s moons.
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We advanced the Lightning Differential Space (LDS) method, which maps time and distance between lightning strokes, and demonstrated its use across three distinct meteorological regions. By comparing stroke strength and timing, our new Current Ratio approach reveals flash initiation patterns in different storm types. The method is straightforward and data-driven, enabling physical insight without model-based analysis or prior assumptions, and supports regional lightning analysis and forecasting.
Elke Kersten, Klaus Gwinner, Gregory Michael, Alexander Dumke, Jonas Bostelmann, Ralf Jaumann, and HRSC GTMTG
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Short summary
JANUS (Jovis, Amorum ac Natorum Undique Scrutator), the high-resolution camera on ESA’s JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) mission, observed Earth during the August 2024 Lunar–Earth Gravity Assist. Images from a close flyby captured night- and day-side atmospheric phenomena, and a distant view resulted in a low-resolution Earth portrait. These observations validate JANUS performance and demonstrate the instrument’s capabilities. We focus our analysis on characterizing atmospheric systems that provide relevant examples for future studies of Jupiter’s atmosphere.
JANUS (Jovis, Amorum ac Natorum Undique Scrutator), the high-resolution camera on ESA’s JUICE...
