Articles | Volume 37, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-775-2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-775-2019
Regular paper
 | 
05 Sep 2019
Regular paper |  | 05 Sep 2019

Diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle variation in total electron content and comparison with IRI-2016 model at Birnin Kebbi

Aghogho Ogwala, Emmanuel Olufemi Somoye, Olugbenga Ogunmodimu, Rasaq Adewemimo Adeniji-Adele, Eugene Oghenakpobor Onori, and Oluwole Oyedokun

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Cited articles

Aggarwal, M., Bardhan, A., and Sharma, D. K.: Equinoctial asymmetry in ionosphere over Indian region during 2006–2013 using COSMIC measurements, Adv. Space Res., 60, 999–1014, 2017. 
Akala, A. O., Somoye, E. O., Adeloye, A. B., and Rabiu, A. B.: Ionospheric foF2 variability at equatorial and low latitudes during high, moderate and low solar activity, Indian Journal of Radio and Space Physics, 40, 124–129, 2011. 
Akala, A. O., Seemala, G. K., Doherty, P. H., Valladares, C. E., Carrano, C. S., Espinoza, J., and Oluyo, S.: Comparison of equatorial GPS-TEC observations over an African station and an American station during the minimum and ascending phases of solar cycle 24, Ann. Geophys., 31, 2085–2096, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2085-2013, 2013. 
Alizadeh, M. M., Wijaya, D. D., Hobiger, T., Weber, R., and Schuh, H.: Ionospheric effects on microwave signals, in: Atmospheric Effect in Space Geodesy, edited by: Bohm, J. and Schuh, H., Atmospheric Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36932-2_2, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. 
Anderson, D., Anghel, A., Chau, J., and Veliz, O.: Daytime vertical E×B drift velocities inferred from ground-based magnetometer observations at low latitudes, Space Weather, 2, S11001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004SW000095, 2004. 
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Short summary
Higher total electron content (TEC) day-to-day variations during the daytime than at night were observed for all years. The diurnal variation shows observed TEC (OBS-TEC) rising rapidly from a minimum just before sunrise at 03:00–05:00 LT (∼2 TECU) in 2011, 04:00–05:00 LT (∼3 TECU) in 2012, 03:00–05:00 LT in 2013 (∼3 TECU) and 03:00–05:00 LT in 2014 (∼3 TECU). OBS-TEC is found to increase to a broad daytime maximum at 00:12–00:16 LT for all years before falling to a minimum after sunset.