Articles | Volume 37, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-775-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-775-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular paper
| 
05 Sep 2019
Regular paper |
| 05 Sep 2019
| 05 Sep 2019
Diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle variation in total electron content and comparison with IRI-2016 model at Birnin Kebbi
Aghogho Ogwala
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Physics, Lagos State University, Lagos,
Nigeria
Emmanuel Olufemi Somoye
Department of Physics, Lagos State University, Lagos,
Nigeria
Olugbenga Ogunmodimu
Department of Electrical Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Manchester, UK
Rasaq Adewemimo Adeniji-Adele
Department of Physics, Lagos State University, Lagos,
Nigeria
Eugene Oghenakpobor Onori
Department of Physics, Lagos State University, Lagos,
Nigeria
Oluwole Oyedokun
Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Viewed
Total article views: 3,628 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 16 Jan 2019)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,394 | 1,127 | 107 | 3,628 | 124 | 191 |
- HTML: 2,394
- PDF: 1,127
- XML: 107
- Total: 3,628
- BibTeX: 124
- EndNote: 191
Total article views: 2,830 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 05 Sep 2019)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,938 | 797 | 95 | 2,830 | 111 | 180 |
- HTML: 1,938
- PDF: 797
- XML: 95
- Total: 2,830
- BibTeX: 111
- EndNote: 180
Total article views: 798 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 16 Jan 2019)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 456 | 330 | 12 | 798 | 13 | 11 |
- HTML: 456
- PDF: 330
- XML: 12
- Total: 798
- BibTeX: 13
- EndNote: 11
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 3,628 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,319 with geography defined
and 309 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 2,830 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 2,695 with geography defined
and 135 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 798 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 624 with geography defined
and 174 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Performance of IRI 2016 model in predicting total electron content (TEC) compared with GPS-TEC over East Africa during 2019–2021 E. Sulungu https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59624-0
- Impact of Solar and Geomagnetic Driver Selection on 24 h-Ahead Global VTEC Prediction in a Deep Learning Framework: A ConvLSTM Case Study J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences16050169
- Two‐Dimensional Imaging of the Ionospheric Vertical Total Electron Content Over East Africa R. Waibi et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/ijge/9600608
- A regional classification of time spectral amplitudes in total electron content: Southeastern United States during solar cycle 24 B. Burkholder et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.1040082
- Assessment of IRI-2016 hmF2 model predictions with COSMIC observations over the African region M. Moses et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.10.029
- A solar activity correction term for the IRI topside electron density model D. Bilitza & C. Xiong https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.11.012
- Evaluation of long-term variability of ionospheric total electron content from IRI-2016 model over the Indian sub-continent with a latitudinal chain of dual-frequency geodetic GPS observations during 2002 to 2019 S. Rajana et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2021.12.005
- Variations in the Maximum Electron Density of the F<sub>2</sub> Layer (NmF<sub>2</sub>) over the Middle Latitude Station of Grahamstown, South Africa, during Solar Cycle 23 A. Ogwala et al. https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204048
- Analyzing high temporal-resolution of GNSS-based ionospheric VTEC over Nigeria S. Faruna et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2024.03.006
- Effects of local time on the variations of the total electron contents at an American and Asian longitudes and their comparison with IRI-2016, IRI-Plas2017 and NeQuick-2 models during solar cycle 24 Y. Kayode et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106271
- Development of a high-resolution ionospheric VTEC model over Nigeria using spherical harmonics with orthogonal transformation solution S. Faruna et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1418/1/012028
- Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) Anomalies as Earthquake Precursors: Unveiling the Geophysical Connection Leading to the 2023 Moroccan 6.8 Mw Earthquake K. Nayak et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13110319
- Quiet-Solar-Low (QSL) GNSS-based VTEC climatology over Oukaïmeden (Morocco) across the solar cycle 24–25 transition M. Kaab et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.05.034
- Annual and semi-annual variations of TEC over Nepal during the period of 2007–2017 and possible drivers B. Ghimire et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-021-00721-3
- Total electron content at equatorial and low-, middle- and high-latitudes in African longitude sector and its comparison with IRI-2016 and IRI-PLAS 2017 models A. Ogwala et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.07.013
- Effects of full and partial halo geomagnetic storms on an East African low latitude station D. Obiegbuna et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-022-04055-4
- Longitudinal Variations in Equatorial Ionospheric TEC from GPS, Global Ionosphere Map and International Reference Ionosphere-2016 during the Descending and Minimum Phases of Solar Cycle 24 A. Ogwala et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8110575
- A New and Tested Ionospheric TEC Prediction Method Based on SegED-ConvLSTM Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17050885
- Total Electron Content Diurnal and Seasonal Variations and Response to Solar Events at Koudougou Station in Burkina Faso Y. Sawadogo et al. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2023.149044
- Predicting ionospheric precursors before large earthquakes using neural network computing and the potential development of an earthquake early warning system J. Lin https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05356-1
- Assessment of the accuracy of IRI-2016 model at the equatorial-, low-, mid-, and high-latitudes ionosphere along 30–45oE meridian lines during minimum (2009) and maximum (2013) phases of solar cycle 24 A. Akala et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.01.046
- Comparative analysis of single station-based and network-based VTEC modeling approaches in Nigeria using orthogonal transformation S. Faruna et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02492
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Performance of IRI 2016 model in predicting total electron content (TEC) compared with GPS-TEC over East Africa during 2019–2021 E. Sulungu https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59624-0
- Impact of Solar and Geomagnetic Driver Selection on 24 h-Ahead Global VTEC Prediction in a Deep Learning Framework: A ConvLSTM Case Study J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences16050169
- Two‐Dimensional Imaging of the Ionospheric Vertical Total Electron Content Over East Africa R. Waibi et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/ijge/9600608
- A regional classification of time spectral amplitudes in total electron content: Southeastern United States during solar cycle 24 B. Burkholder et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.1040082
- Assessment of IRI-2016 hmF2 model predictions with COSMIC observations over the African region M. Moses et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.10.029
- A solar activity correction term for the IRI topside electron density model D. Bilitza & C. Xiong https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.11.012
- Evaluation of long-term variability of ionospheric total electron content from IRI-2016 model over the Indian sub-continent with a latitudinal chain of dual-frequency geodetic GPS observations during 2002 to 2019 S. Rajana et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2021.12.005
- Variations in the Maximum Electron Density of the F<sub>2</sub> Layer (NmF<sub>2</sub>) over the Middle Latitude Station of Grahamstown, South Africa, during Solar Cycle 23 A. Ogwala et al. https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204048
- Analyzing high temporal-resolution of GNSS-based ionospheric VTEC over Nigeria S. Faruna et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2024.03.006
- Effects of local time on the variations of the total electron contents at an American and Asian longitudes and their comparison with IRI-2016, IRI-Plas2017 and NeQuick-2 models during solar cycle 24 Y. Kayode et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106271
- Development of a high-resolution ionospheric VTEC model over Nigeria using spherical harmonics with orthogonal transformation solution S. Faruna et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1418/1/012028
- Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) Anomalies as Earthquake Precursors: Unveiling the Geophysical Connection Leading to the 2023 Moroccan 6.8 Mw Earthquake K. Nayak et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13110319
- Quiet-Solar-Low (QSL) GNSS-based VTEC climatology over Oukaïmeden (Morocco) across the solar cycle 24–25 transition M. Kaab et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.05.034
- Annual and semi-annual variations of TEC over Nepal during the period of 2007–2017 and possible drivers B. Ghimire et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-021-00721-3
- Total electron content at equatorial and low-, middle- and high-latitudes in African longitude sector and its comparison with IRI-2016 and IRI-PLAS 2017 models A. Ogwala et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.07.013
- Effects of full and partial halo geomagnetic storms on an East African low latitude station D. Obiegbuna et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-022-04055-4
- Longitudinal Variations in Equatorial Ionospheric TEC from GPS, Global Ionosphere Map and International Reference Ionosphere-2016 during the Descending and Minimum Phases of Solar Cycle 24 A. Ogwala et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8110575
- A New and Tested Ionospheric TEC Prediction Method Based on SegED-ConvLSTM Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17050885
- Total Electron Content Diurnal and Seasonal Variations and Response to Solar Events at Koudougou Station in Burkina Faso Y. Sawadogo et al. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2023.149044
- Predicting ionospheric precursors before large earthquakes using neural network computing and the potential development of an earthquake early warning system J. Lin https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05356-1
- Assessment of the accuracy of IRI-2016 model at the equatorial-, low-, mid-, and high-latitudes ionosphere along 30–45oE meridian lines during minimum (2009) and maximum (2013) phases of solar cycle 24 A. Akala et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.01.046
- Comparative analysis of single station-based and network-based VTEC modeling approaches in Nigeria using orthogonal transformation S. Faruna et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02492
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 15 Jun 2026
Short summary
Higher total electron content (TEC) day-to-day variations during the daytime than at night were observed for all years. The diurnal variation shows observed
TEC (OBS-TEC) rising rapidly from a minimum just before sunrise at 03:00–05:00 LT (∼2 TECU) in 2011, 04:00–05:00 LT (∼3 TECU) in 2012, 03:00–05:00 LT in 2013 (∼3 TECU) and 03:00–05:00 LT in 2014 (∼3 TECU). OBS-TEC is found to increase to a broad daytime maximum at 00:12–00:16 LT for all years before falling to a minimum after sunset.
Higher total electron content (TEC) day-to-day variations during the daytime than at night were...
