Articles | Volume 35, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-683-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-683-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Causal kinetic equation of non-equilibrium plasmas
Rudolf A. Treumann
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geophysics and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
International Space Science Institute Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Wolfgang Baumjohann
Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Related authors
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 37, 971–988, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-971-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-971-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The mirror mode starts as a zero-frequency ion fluid instability and saturates quasi-linearly at very low magnetic level, while forming extended magnetic bubbles. These trap the adiabatically bouncing electron component which forms pairs near the mirror points. The large pair anisotropy causes further growth beyond quasilinear level. Including pressure equilibrium gives and estimate of the required pair density.
Yasuhito Narita, Wolfgang Baumjohann, and Rudolf A. Treumann
Ann. Geophys., 37, 825–834, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-825-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-825-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Scaling laws and energy spectra for the electric field, magnetic field, flow velocity, and density are theoretically derived for small-scale turbulence in space plasma on which the electrons behave as a fluid but the ions more as individual particles due to the difference in the mass (the Hall effect). Our theoretical model offers an explanation for the small-scale turbulence spectra measured in near-Earth space.
Rudolf A. Treumann, Wolfgang Baumjohann, and Yasuhito Narita
Ann. Geophys., 37, 183–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-183-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-183-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Occasional deviations in density and magnetic power spectral densities in an intermediate frequency range are interpreted as an ion-inertial-range response to either the Kolmogorov or Iroshnikov–Kraichnan inertial-range turbulent velocity spectrum.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 36, 1563–1576, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1563-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1563-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Historical AMPTE-IRM and Equator-S (Eq-S) observations of magnetic mirror modes in the magnetosheath already support the probably coexistence of ion and electron branches on the mirror mode.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 36, 1015–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1015-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1015-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The physics of the magnetic mirror mode in its final state of saturation, the thermodynamic equilibrium, is re-examined to demonstrate that the mirror mode is the classical analogue of a superconducting effect in an anisotropic-pressure space plasma. Three different spatial correlation scales are identified which control the behaviour of its evolution into large-amplitude chains of mirror bubbles.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 35, 1353–1360, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1353-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1353-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Poynting's theorem provides a way to determine the spectrum of the dissipation function in magnetic turbulence. It is shown that it includes all contributions of the mechanical part of turbulence. Application to solar wind data identifies the inertial range as a state of self-organization and brings the Taylor hypothesis into question.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 35, 999–1013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-999-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-999-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
It is suggested that collisionless reconnection under conditions of very strong current-parallel guide fields in dilute plasmas should become a rather efficient source of electromagnetic radiation in the free space modes X and O and their harmonics. The mechanism is based on the electron cyclotron maser instability (ECMI), which can be excited by the anisotropic weakly relativistic electron distribution in the many inertial lengths long electron exhausts caused in reconnection.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 34, 737–738, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-737-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-737-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The rigorous derivation of the Jüttner (covariant Boltzmann) distribution is provided for anisotropic pressure (or temperature) tensors. It was in similar form anticipated first by Gladd (1983). Its manifestly covariant version follows straightforwardly from its scalar property.
Rudolf A. Treumann, Wolfgang Baumjohann, and Yasuhito Narita
Ann. Geophys., 34, 673–689, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-673-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-673-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In support of low-frequency electromagnetic turbulence we formulate the inverse scattering theory of electromagnetic fluctuations in plasma. Its solution provides the turbulent response function which contains all information of the dynamical causes of the electromagnetic fluctuations. This is of basic interest in any electromagnetic turbulence. It requires measurement of magnetic and electric fluctuations but makes no direct use of the turbulent power spectral density.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 34, 557–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-557-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-557-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
It is demonstrated that the statistical mechanical partition function can be used to construct various different forms of phase space distributions. This indicates that its structure is not restricted to the Gibbs–Boltzmann factor prescription based on counting statistics. Consequences concerning generalised Lorentzians and more general distribution functions are discussed.
R. A. Treumann and W. Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 32, 975–989, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-975-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-975-2014, 2014
R. A. Treumann and W. Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 32, 643–650, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-643-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-643-2014, 2014
R. A. Treumann and W. Baumjohann
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 143–148, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-143-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-143-2014, 2014
R. A. Treumann and W. Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1191–1193, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1191-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1191-2013, 2013
Martin Volwerk, Beatriz Sánchez-Cano, Daniel Heyner, Sae Aizawa, Nicolas André, Ali Varsani, Johannes Mieth, Stefano Orsini, Wolfgang Baumjohann, David Fischer, Yoshifumi Futaana, Richard Harrison, Harald Jeszenszky, Iwai Kazumasa, Gunter Laky, Herbert Lichtenegger, Anna Milillo, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Rumi Nakamura, Ferdinand Plaschke, Ingo Richter, Sebastián Rojas Mata, Yoshifumi Saito, Daniel Schmid, Daikou Shiota, and Cyril Simon Wedlund
Ann. Geophys., 39, 811–831, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-811-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-811-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
On 15 October 2020, BepiColombo used Venus as a gravity assist to change its orbit to reach Mercury in late 2021. During this passage of Venus, the spacecraft entered into Venus's magnetotail at a distance of 70 Venus radii from the planet. We have studied the magnetic field and plasma data and find that Venus's magnetotail is highly active. This is caused by strong activity in the solar wind, where just before the flyby a coronal mass ejection interacted with the magnetophere of Venus.
Daniel Schmid, Yasuhito Narita, Ferdinand Plaschke, Martin Volwerk, Rumi Nakamura, and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 39, 563–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-563-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-563-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we present the first analytical magnetosheath plasma flow model for the space environment around Mercury. The proposed model is relatively simple to implement and provides the possibility to trace the flow lines inside the Hermean magnetosheath. It can help to determine the the local plasma conditions of a spacecraft in the magnetosheath exclusively on the basis of the upstream solar wind parameters.
Daniel Schmid, Ferdinand Plaschke, Yasuhito Narita, Daniel Heyner, Johannes Z. D. Mieth, Brian J. Anderson, Martin Volwerk, Ayako Matsuoka, and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 38, 823–832, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-823-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-823-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, the two-spacecraft mission BepiColombo was launched to explore Mercury. To measure the magnetic field precisely, in-flight calibration of the magnetometer offset is needed. Usually, the offset is evaluated from magnetic field observations in the solar wind. Since one of the spacecraft will remain within Mercury's magnetic environment, we examine an alternative calibration method. We show that this method is applicable and may be a valuable tool to determine the offset accurately.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 37, 971–988, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-971-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-971-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The mirror mode starts as a zero-frequency ion fluid instability and saturates quasi-linearly at very low magnetic level, while forming extended magnetic bubbles. These trap the adiabatically bouncing electron component which forms pairs near the mirror points. The large pair anisotropy causes further growth beyond quasilinear level. Including pressure equilibrium gives and estimate of the required pair density.
Yasuhito Narita, Wolfgang Baumjohann, and Rudolf A. Treumann
Ann. Geophys., 37, 825–834, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-825-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-825-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Scaling laws and energy spectra for the electric field, magnetic field, flow velocity, and density are theoretically derived for small-scale turbulence in space plasma on which the electrons behave as a fluid but the ions more as individual particles due to the difference in the mass (the Hall effect). Our theoretical model offers an explanation for the small-scale turbulence spectra measured in near-Earth space.
Rudolf A. Treumann, Wolfgang Baumjohann, and Yasuhito Narita
Ann. Geophys., 37, 183–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-183-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-183-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Occasional deviations in density and magnetic power spectral densities in an intermediate frequency range are interpreted as an ion-inertial-range response to either the Kolmogorov or Iroshnikov–Kraichnan inertial-range turbulent velocity spectrum.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 36, 1563–1576, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1563-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1563-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Historical AMPTE-IRM and Equator-S (Eq-S) observations of magnetic mirror modes in the magnetosheath already support the probably coexistence of ion and electron branches on the mirror mode.
Ching-Chang Cheng, Christopher T. Russell, Ian R. Mann, Eric Donovan, and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2018-116, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2018-116, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The comparison of geomagnetic active and quite events of double substorm onsets responsive to IMF variations shows that the occurrence sequence of all required substorm signatures looks the same and not different for small and large Kp. Double substorm onsets responsive to IMF variations can be characterized with two-stage magnetic dipolarizations in the magnetotail, two auroral breakups of which the first occurring at lower latitudes than the second, and two consecutive Pi2-Ps6 band pulsations.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 36, 1015–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1015-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1015-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The physics of the magnetic mirror mode in its final state of saturation, the thermodynamic equilibrium, is re-examined to demonstrate that the mirror mode is the classical analogue of a superconducting effect in an anisotropic-pressure space plasma. Three different spatial correlation scales are identified which control the behaviour of its evolution into large-amplitude chains of mirror bubbles.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 35, 1353–1360, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1353-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1353-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Poynting's theorem provides a way to determine the spectrum of the dissipation function in magnetic turbulence. It is shown that it includes all contributions of the mechanical part of turbulence. Application to solar wind data identifies the inertial range as a state of self-organization and brings the Taylor hypothesis into question.
Sudong Xiao, Tielong Zhang, Guoqiang Wang, Martin Volwerk, Yasong Ge, Daniel Schmid, Rumi Nakamura, Wolfgang Baumjohann, and Ferdinand Plaschke
Ann. Geophys., 35, 1015–1022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1015-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1015-2017, 2017
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 35, 999–1013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-999-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-999-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
It is suggested that collisionless reconnection under conditions of very strong current-parallel guide fields in dilute plasmas should become a rather efficient source of electromagnetic radiation in the free space modes X and O and their harmonics. The mechanism is based on the electron cyclotron maser instability (ECMI), which can be excited by the anisotropic weakly relativistic electron distribution in the many inertial lengths long electron exhausts caused in reconnection.
David Fischer, Werner Magnes, Christian Hagen, Ivan Dors, Mark W. Chutter, Jerry Needell, Roy B. Torbert, Olivier Le Contel, Robert J. Strangeway, Gernot Kubin, Aris Valavanoglou, Ferdinand Plaschke, Rumi Nakamura, Laurent Mirioni, Christopher T. Russell, Hannes K. Leinweber, Kenneth R. Bromund, Guan Le, Lawrence Kepko, Brian J. Anderson, James A. Slavin, and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 5, 521–530, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-521-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-521-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes frequency and timing calibration, modeling and data processing and calibration for MMS magnetometers, resulting in a merged search choil and fluxgate data product.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 34, 737–738, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-737-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-737-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The rigorous derivation of the Jüttner (covariant Boltzmann) distribution is provided for anisotropic pressure (or temperature) tensors. It was in similar form anticipated first by Gladd (1983). Its manifestly covariant version follows straightforwardly from its scalar property.
Rudolf A. Treumann, Wolfgang Baumjohann, and Yasuhito Narita
Ann. Geophys., 34, 673–689, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-673-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-673-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In support of low-frequency electromagnetic turbulence we formulate the inverse scattering theory of electromagnetic fluctuations in plasma. Its solution provides the turbulent response function which contains all information of the dynamical causes of the electromagnetic fluctuations. This is of basic interest in any electromagnetic turbulence. It requires measurement of magnetic and electric fluctuations but makes no direct use of the turbulent power spectral density.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 34, 557–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-557-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-557-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
It is demonstrated that the statistical mechanical partition function can be used to construct various different forms of phase space distributions. This indicates that its structure is not restricted to the Gibbs–Boltzmann factor prescription based on counting statistics. Consequences concerning generalised Lorentzians and more general distribution functions are discussed.
Sudong Xiao, Tielong Zhang, Yasong Ge, Guoqiang Wang, Wolfgang Baumjohann, and Rumi Nakamura
Ann. Geophys., 34, 303–311, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-303-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-303-2016, 2016
Y. Narita, R. Nakamura, W. Baumjohann, K.-H. Glassmeier, U. Motschmann, and H. Comişel
Ann. Geophys., 34, 85–89, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-85-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-85-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Four-spacecraft Cluster observations of turbulent fluctuations in the magnetic reconnection region in the geomagnetic tail show for the first time an indication of ion Bernstein waves, electromagnetic waves that propagate nearly perpendicular to the mean magnetic field and are in resonance with ions. Bernstein waves may influence current sheet dynamics in the reconnection outflow such as a bifurcation of the current sheet.
R. A. Treumann and W. Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 32, 975–989, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-975-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-975-2014, 2014
D. Schmid, M. Volwerk, F. Plaschke, Z. Vörös, T. L. Zhang, W. Baumjohann, and Y. Narita
Ann. Geophys., 32, 651–657, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-651-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-651-2014, 2014
R. A. Treumann and W. Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 32, 643–650, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-643-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-643-2014, 2014
R. Wang, R. Nakamura, T. Zhang, A. Du, W. Baumjohann, Q. Lu, and A. N. Fazakerley
Ann. Geophys., 32, 239–248, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-239-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-239-2014, 2014
R. Nakamura, F. Plaschke, R. Teubenbacher, L. Giner, W. Baumjohann, W. Magnes, M. Steller, R. B. Torbert, H. Vaith, M. Chutter, K.-H. Fornaçon, K.-H. Glassmeier, and C. Carr
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 3, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-1-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-1-2014, 2014
R. A. Treumann and W. Baumjohann
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 143–148, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-143-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-143-2014, 2014
Y. Narita, R. Nakamura, and W. Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1605–1610, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1605-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1605-2013, 2013
R. A. Treumann and W. Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1191–1193, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1191-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1191-2013, 2013
A. Alexandrova, R. Nakamura, V. S. Semenov, I. V. Kubyshkin, S. Apatenkov, E. V. Panov, D. Korovinskiy, H. Biernat, W. Baumjohann, K.-H. Glassmeier, and J. P. McFadden
Ann. Geophys., 30, 1727–1741, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1727-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1727-2012, 2012
Short summary
We extend the Klimontovich (1967) formulation of kinetic theory of the evolution of the microscopic phase space density to taking into account that the interaction between particles separated from each other at a distance is not instantaneous but requires the transport of information. This is done by reference to the retarded potentials. We derive the fundamental causal Liouville equation for the phase space density of a system composed of a very large number of charged particles.
We extend the Klimontovich (1967) formulation of kinetic theory of the evolution of the...