the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Characteristic study of double substorm onsets in response to IMF variations
Ching-Chang Cheng
Christopher T. Russell
Ian R. Mann
Eric Donovan
Wolfgang Baumjohann
Abstract. A study of the characteristics of double substorm onsets in response to variations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is undertaken with magnetotail and ground observations by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission on 18 March 2009 and 3 April 2009 (Kp ~ 0), and on 16 February 2008 and 24 February 2010 (Kp ~ 2–3). During the time of interest, THEMIS probes at −8RE > XGSM > −20RE and 5RE > YGSM > −5RE observed earth-bound flow bursts accompanied by magnetic dipolarizations varying in two stages. The keograms and all sky images close to their footprints showed two consecutive auroral breakups of which the first appeared at lower latitudes than the second. The ground-based magnetometers sensed magnetic bays and perturbations resulting from the formation of substorm current wedge. Two consecutive pulsations in the Pi2-Ps6 band period occurred simultaneously from high to low and very low latitudes. They appeared in the same cycle of growth and then decline in Kyoto-AL. The onset timing of ground pulsations mapped to the solar wind observation just in front of Earth’s magnetopause shows their occurrence under an IMF variation cycle of north-to-south and then north. Their dynamic spectrums have the spectral features of double substorm onsets triggered by northward IMF turning. Hence in response to IMF variations, double substorm onsets can be characterized with two-stage magnetic dipolarizations in the magnetotail, two auroral breakups of which the first occurring at lower latitudes than the second, and two consecutive Pi2-Ps6 band pulsations.
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Ching-Chang Cheng et al.
Interactive discussion


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RC1: 'Referee report on Cheng et al.', Anonymous Referee #1, 30 Nov 2018
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RC2: 'Reviewer’s comments on the manuscript “Characteristic study of double substorm onsets in response to IMF variations” by Cheng et al.', Anonymous Referee #2, 10 Dec 2018
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RC3: 'Referee Comment on "Characteristic study of double substorm onsets in response to IMF variations" by Cheng et al.', Anonymous Referee #3, 17 Dec 2018
Interactive discussion


-
RC1: 'Referee report on Cheng et al.', Anonymous Referee #1, 30 Nov 2018
-
RC2: 'Reviewer’s comments on the manuscript “Characteristic study of double substorm onsets in response to IMF variations” by Cheng et al.', Anonymous Referee #2, 10 Dec 2018
-
RC3: 'Referee Comment on "Characteristic study of double substorm onsets in response to IMF variations" by Cheng et al.', Anonymous Referee #3, 17 Dec 2018
Ching-Chang Cheng et al.
Ching-Chang Cheng et al.
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