Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 41, issue 1
Articles | Volume 41, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-93-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-93-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 41, issue 1
Regular paper
 | 
14 Feb 2023
Regular paper |  | 14 Feb 2023

Modulation of polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) with high-frequency heating during low solar illumination

Tinna L. Gunnarsdottir, Arne Poggenpohl, Ingrid Mann, Alireza Mahmoudian, Peter Dalin, Ingemar Haeggstroem, and Michael Rietveld

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Short summary
Temperatures at 85 km around Earth's poles in summer can be so cold that small ice particles form. These can become charged, and, combined with turbulence at these altitudes, they can influence the many electrons present. This can cause large radar echoes called polar mesospheric summer echoes. We use radio waves to heat these echoes on and off when the sun is close to or below the horizon. This allows us to gain some insight into these ice particles and how the sun influences the echoes.
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