Lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) quantities: current status of measuring techniques and models

Palmroth, Minna; Grandin, Maxime; Sarris, Theodoros; Doornbos, Eelco; Tourgaidis, Stelios; Aikio, Anita; Buchert, Stephan; Clilverd, Mark A.; Dandouras, Iannis; Heelis, Roderick; Hoffmann, Alex; Ivchenko, Nickolay; Kervalishvili, Guram; Knudsen, David J.; Kotova, Anna; Liu, Han-Li; Malaspina, David M.; March, Günther; Marchaudon, Aurélie; Marghitu, Octav; Matsuo, Tomoko; Miloch, Wojciech J.; Moretto-Jørgensen, Therese; Mpaloukidis, Dimitris; Olsen, Nils; Papadakis, Konstantinos; Pfaff, Robert; Pirnaris, Panagiotis; Siemes, Christian; Stolle, Claudia; Suni, Jonas; van den IJssel, Jose; Verronen, Pekka T.; Visser, Pieter; Yamauchi, Masatoshi

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-189-2021

Articles | Volume 39, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-189-2021

© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-189-2021

© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 39, issue 1

Review paper

|

25 Feb 2021

Review paper |

| 25 Feb 2021

Lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) quantities: current status of measuring techniques and models

Minna Palmroth, Maxime Grandin, Theodoros Sarris, Eelco Doornbos, Stelios Tourgaidis, Anita Aikio, Stephan Buchert, Mark A. Clilverd, Iannis Dandouras, Roderick Heelis, Alex Hoffmann, Nickolay Ivchenko, Guram Kervalishvili, David J. Knudsen, Anna Kotova, Han-Li Liu, David M. Malaspina, Günther March, Aurélie Marchaudon, Octav Marghitu, Tomoko Matsuo, Wojciech J. Miloch, Therese Moretto-Jørgensen, Dimitris Mpaloukidis, Nils Olsen, Konstantinos Papadakis, Robert Pfaff, Panagiotis Pirnaris, Christian Siemes, Claudia Stolle, Jonas Suni, Jose van den IJssel, Pekka T. Verronen, Pieter Visser, and Masatoshi Yamauchi

Data sets

Ovation Pyme – A pure-python implementation of the Ovation Prime 2010 auroral precipitation model Liam Kilcommons https://github.com/lkilcommons/OvationPyme

DMSP Space Environment Instruments –Precipitating Particles (SSJ), Bulk Plasma Parameters (SSIES) and Magnetic Fields (SSM) Rob Redmon https://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp/data

NRLMSISE-00 Atmosphere Model Natalia Papitashvili https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/modelweb/models/nrlmsise00.php

International Reference Ionosphere - IRI-2012 Natalia Papitashvili and Lutz Rastaetter https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/modelweb/models/iri2012_vitmo.php

Swarm Data Access ESA http://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int

Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model Katherine Garcia-Sage, Jia Yue, Ben Foster, and Stan Solomon https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/models/modelinfo.php?model=TIE-GCM

Community Earth System Model CESM2 Elizabeth Faircloth http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/cesm2/

Short summary

This is a review paper that summarises the current understanding of the lower thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) in terms of measurements and modelling. The LTI is the transition region between space and the atmosphere and as such of tremendous importance to both the domains of space and atmosphere. The paper also serves as the background for European Space Agency Earth Explorer 10 candidate mission Daedalus.