Articles | Volume 38, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-901-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-901-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Polar substorm on 7 December 2015: preonset phenomena and features of auroral breakup
Vladimir V. Safargaleev
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia
Alexander E. Kozlovsky
Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, Sodankylä, Finland
Valery M. Mitrofanov
Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia
Related authors
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Arthur Gauthier, Claudia Borries, Alexander Kozlovsky, Diego Janches, Peter Brown, Denis Vida, Christoph Jacobi, Damian Murphy, Masaki Tsutsumi, Njål Gulbrandsen, Satonori Nozawa, Mark Lester, Johan Kero, Nicholas Mitchell, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, and Gunter Stober
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2024-13, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2024-13, 2024
Preprint under review for ANGEO
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This study focuses on the TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI)-Meteor Radar(MR) comparison of zonal and meridional winds and their dependence on local time and latitude. The correlation calculation between TIDI winds measurements and MR winds shows good agreement. A TIDI-MR seasonal comparison and the altitude-latitude dependence for winds is performed. TIDI reproduce the mean circulation well when compared with the MRs and might be useful as a lower boundary for general circulation models.
Gunter Stober, Sharon L. Vadas, Erich Becker, Alan Liu, Alexander Kozlovsky, Diego Janches, Zishun Qiao, Witali Krochin, Guochun Shi, Wen Yi, Jie Zeng, Peter Brown, Denis Vida, Neil Hindley, Christoph Jacobi, Damian Murphy, Ricardo Buriti, Vania Andrioli, Paulo Batista, John Marino, Scott Palo, Denise Thorsen, Masaki Tsutsumi, Njål Gulbrandsen, Satonori Nozawa, Mark Lester, Kathrin Baumgarten, Johan Kero, Evgenia Belova, Nicholas Mitchell, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, and Na Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4851–4873, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4851-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4851-2024, 2024
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On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai volcano exploded in a vigorous eruption, causing many atmospheric phenomena reaching from the surface up to space. In this study, we investigate how the mesospheric winds were affected by the volcanogenic gravity waves and estimated their propagation direction and speed. The interplay between model and observations permits us to gain new insights into the vertical coupling through atmospheric gravity waves.
Florian Günzkofer, Dimitry Pokhotelov, Gunter Stober, Ingrid Mann, Sharon L. Vadas, Erich Becker, Anders Tjulin, Alexander Kozlovsky, Masaki Tsutsumi, Njål Gulbrandsen, Satonori Nozawa, Mark Lester, Evgenia Belova, Johan Kero, Nicholas J. Mitchell, and Claudia Borries
Ann. Geophys., 41, 409–428, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-409-2023, 2023
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Gravity waves (GWs) are waves in Earth's atmosphere and can be observed as cloud ripples. Under certain conditions, these waves can propagate up into the ionosphere. Here, they can cause ripples in the ionosphere plasma, observable as oscillations of the plasma density. Therefore, GWs contribute to the ionospheric variability, making them relevant for space weather prediction. Additionally, the behavior of these waves allows us to draw conclusions about the atmosphere at these altitudes.
Gunter Stober, Alan Liu, Alexander Kozlovsky, Zishun Qiao, Witali Krochin, Guochun Shi, Johan Kero, Masaki Tsutsumi, Njål Gulbrandsen, Satonori Nozawa, Mark Lester, Kathrin Baumgarten, Evgenia Belova, and Nicholas Mitchell
Ann. Geophys., 41, 197–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-197-2023, 2023
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The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai volcanic eruption was one of the most vigorous volcanic explosions in the last centuries. The eruption launched many atmospheric waves traveling around the Earth. In this study, we identify these volcanic waves at the edge of space in the mesosphere/lower-thermosphere, leveraging wind observations conducted with multi-static meteor radars in northern Europe and with the Chilean Observation Network De Meteor Radars (CONDOR).
Gunter Stober, Alan Liu, Alexander Kozlovsky, Zishun Qiao, Ales Kuchar, Christoph Jacobi, Chris Meek, Diego Janches, Guiping Liu, Masaki Tsutsumi, Njål Gulbrandsen, Satonori Nozawa, Mark Lester, Evgenia Belova, Johan Kero, and Nicholas Mitchell
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5769–5792, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5769-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5769-2022, 2022
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Precise and accurate measurements of vertical winds at the mesosphere and lower thermosphere are rare. Although meteor radars have been used for decades to observe horizontal winds, their ability to derive reliable vertical wind measurements was always questioned. In this article, we provide mathematical concepts to retrieve mathematically and physically consistent solutions, which are compared to the state-of-the-art non-hydrostatic model UA-ICON.
Mizuki Fukizawa, Takeshi Sakanoi, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Yasunobu Ogawa, Keisuke Hosokawa, Björn Gustavsson, Kirsti Kauristie, Alexander Kozlovsky, Tero Raita, Urban Brändström, and Tima Sergienko
Ann. Geophys., 40, 475–484, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-475-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-475-2022, 2022
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The pulsating auroral generation mechanism has been investigated by observing precipitating electrons using rockets or satellites. However, it is difficult for such observations to distinguish temporal changes from spatial ones. In this study, we reconstructed the horizontal 2-D distribution of precipitating electrons using only auroral images. The 3-D aurora structure was also reconstructed. We found that there were both spatial and temporal changes in the precipitating electron energy.
Gunter Stober, Alexander Kozlovsky, Alan Liu, Zishun Qiao, Masaki Tsutsumi, Chris Hall, Satonori Nozawa, Mark Lester, Evgenia Belova, Johan Kero, Patrick J. Espy, Robert E. Hibbins, and Nicholas Mitchell
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6509–6532, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6509-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6509-2021, 2021
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Wind observations at the edge to space, 70–110 km altitude, are challenging. Meteor radars have become a widely used instrument to obtain mean wind profiles above an instrument for these heights. We describe an advanced mathematical concept and present a tomographic analysis using several meteor radars located in Finland, Sweden and Norway, as well as Chile, to derive the three-dimensional flow field. We show an example of a gravity wave decelerating the mean flow.
Gunter Stober, Ales Kuchar, Dimitry Pokhotelov, Huixin Liu, Han-Li Liu, Hauke Schmidt, Christoph Jacobi, Kathrin Baumgarten, Peter Brown, Diego Janches, Damian Murphy, Alexander Kozlovsky, Mark Lester, Evgenia Belova, Johan Kero, and Nicholas Mitchell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13855–13902, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13855-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13855-2021, 2021
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Little is known about the climate change of wind systems in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at the edge of space at altitudes from 70–110 km. Meteor radars represent a well-accepted remote sensing technique to measure winds at these altitudes. Here we present a state-of-the-art climatological interhemispheric comparison using continuous and long-lasting observations from worldwide distributed meteor radars from the Arctic to the Antarctic and sophisticated general circulation models.
Nadezda Yagova, Alexander Kozlovsky, Evgeny Fedorov, and Olga Kozyreva
Ann. Geophys., 39, 549–562, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-549-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-549-2021, 2021
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We present a study of ultralow-frequency waves in the ionosphere and on the ground. These waves are very slow (their periods are about several minutes). They are registered on the ground as geomagnetic pulsations. No simple dependence exists between geomagnetic and ionospheric pulsations. Here we study not only selected pulsations with very high amplitudes but also usual pulsations and try to answer the question, which pulsation parameters are favorable for modulation of the ionosphere?
Emranul Sarkar, Alexander Kozlovsky, Thomas Ulich, Ilkka Virtanen, Mark Lester, and Bernd Kaifler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4157–4169, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4157-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4157-2021, 2021
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The biasing effect in meteor radar temperature has been a pressing issue for the last 2 decades. This paper has addressed the underlying reasons for such a biasing effect on both theoretical and experimental grounds. An improved statistical method has been developed which allows atmospheric temperatures at around 90 km to be measured with meteor radar in an independent way such that any subsequent bias correction or calibration is no longer required.
Daniel Kastinen, Johan Kero, Alexander Kozlovsky, and Mark Lester
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3583–3596, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3583-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3583-2021, 2021
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When a meteor enters the atmosphere, it causes a trail of diffusing plasma that moves with the neutral wind. An interferometric radar system can measure such trails and determine its location. However, there is a chance of determining the wrong position due to noise. We simulate this behaviour and use the simulations to successfully determine the true location of ambiguous events. We also successfully test two simple temporal integration methods for avoiding such erroneous determinations.
Nadezda Yagova, Alexander Kozlovsky, Evgeny Fedorov, and Olga Kozyreva
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-155, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-155, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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We present a study of ultra-low-frequency waves in the ionosphere and on the ground (geomagnetic pulsations). They can influence particle flux in the magnetosphere, which modify the ionosphere. However, there is no simple dependence between geomagnetic and ionospheric pulsations. We study not only selected pulsations with very high amplitudes but also usual pulsations and try to answer the question, which pulsations' parameters are favorable for modulation of the ionosphere.
Robert Reichert, Bernd Kaifler, Natalie Kaifler, Markus Rapp, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Michael J. Taylor, Alexander Kozlovsky, Mark Lester, and Rigel Kivi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5997–6015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5997-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5997-2019, 2019
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To determine gravity wave properties like wavelengths, periods and propagation directions at mesospheric altitudes (∼ 86 km) we combine lidar and airglow temperature and meteor radar wind data. By means of wavelet transformation we investigate the wave field and determine intrinsic wave properties as functions of time and period. We are able to identify several gravity wave packets by their distinct propagation and discover a superposition with possible wave–wave and wave–mean-flow interaction.
J. Manninen, N. G. Kleimenova, A. Kozlovsky, I. A. Kornilov, L. I. Gromova, Y. V. Fedorenko, and T. Turunen
Ann. Geophys., 33, 991–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-991-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-991-2015, 2015
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A non-typical 1-4 kHz hiss was studied. It shows a sequence of separated noise bursts with strange “mushroom-like” shapes in the frequency-time domain, each lasting several minutes. This sequence could be a result of the modulation of the VLF hiss electron-cyclotron instability by Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations. This strange “mushroom-like” shape of the considered VLF hiss could be a combined mutual effect of the magnetospheric ULF-VLF wave interaction and the ionosphere waveguide propagation.
V. Pilipenko, V. Belakhovsky, M. J. Engebretson, A. Kozlovsky, and T. Yeoman
Ann. Geophys., 33, 395–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-395-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-395-2015, 2015
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Irregular broadband pulsations and narrow-band Pc5 waves are found to be a ubiquitous element of ULF activity in the dayside high-latitude region. To identify the ionospheric projections of the cusp, we use the width of return signal of the SuperDARN radar. The spatial structure of broadband Pc5-6 pulsation spectral power has been found to have a localized latitudinal peak, not under the cusp proper as was previously thought, but several degrees southward from the equatorward cusp boundary.
Related subject area
Subject: Magnetosphere & space plasma physics | Keywords: Storms and substorms
Characteristic features of latitudinal manifestations of the 23–24 April 2023 geomagnetic storm
Probabilistic modelling of substorm occurrences with an echo state network
The record of the magnetic storm on 15 May 1921 in Stará Ďala (present-day Hurbanovo) and its compliance with the global picture of this extreme event
Echo state network model for analyzing solar-wind effects on the AU and AL indices
Seasonal features of geomagnetic activity: a study on the solar activity dependence
Response of the low- to mid-latitude ionosphere to the geomagnetic storm of September 2017
Influence of the Earth's ring current strength on Størmer's allowed and forbidden regions of charged particle motion
Dynamics of a geomagnetic storm on 7–10 September 2015 as observed by TWINS and simulated by CIMI
Leonid Chernogor
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2024-9, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2024-9, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ANGEO
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Ground-based magnetometer observations show that part of the near-Earth cross-tail current closed itself via the ionosphere, to which it was linked by the substorm current wedge, and manifested itself in the magnetograms acquired at high and equatorial latitude stations on the night side of the Earth. Observations suggest that the Bz interplanetary magnetic field component threshold for the formation of the substorm current wedge lies in the –(22–30) nT interval.
Shin'ya Nakano, Ryuho Kataoka, Masahito Nosé, and Jesper W. Gjerloev
Ann. Geophys., 41, 529–539, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-529-2023, 2023
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Substorms are a phenomenon in the magnetosphere–ionosphere system, which are characterised by brightening of an auroral arc and enhancement of electric currents in the polar ionosphere. Since substorms are difficult to predict, this study treats a substorm occurrence as a stochastic phenomenon and represents the substorm occurrence rate with a machine learning model. We then analyse the response of substorm activity to solar wind conditions by feeding synthetic solar wind data into the model.
Eduard Koči and Fridrich Valach
Ann. Geophys., 41, 355–368, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-355-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-355-2023, 2023
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We dealt with the most intense magnetic storm of the 20th century, which took place on 13–15 May 1921. It was also observed at Stará Ďala (present-day Hurbanovo). However, the record was not complete. We estimated the missing sensitivity scale values and presented the resulting digitized Stará Ďala’s data for 13–15 May 1921. The data were compared with the records from other observatories. The analysis suggests that the auroral oval got close to Stará Ďala in the morning hours on 15 May 1921.
Shin'ya Nakano and Ryuho Kataoka
Ann. Geophys., 40, 11–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-11-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-11-2022, 2022
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The relationships between auroral activity and the solar-wind conditions are modeled with a machine-learning technique. The impact of various solar-wind parameters on the auroral activity is then evaluated by putting artificial inputs into the trained machine-learning model. One of the notable findings is that the solar-wind density effect on the auroral activity is emphasized under high solar-wind speed and weak solar-wind magnetic field.
Adriane Marques de Souza Franco, Rajkumar Hajra, Ezequiel Echer, and Mauricio José Alves Bolzan
Ann. Geophys., 39, 929–943, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-929-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-929-2021, 2021
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We used up-to-date substorms, HILDCAAs and geomagnetic storms of varying intensity along with all available geomagnetic indices during the space exploration era to explore the seasonal features of the geomagnetic activity and their drivers. As substorms, HILDCAAs and magnetic storms of varying intensity have varying solar/interplanetary drivers, such a study is important for acomplete understanding of the seasonal features of the geomagnetic response to the solar/interplanetary events.
Nadia Imtiaz, Waqar Younas, and Majid Khan
Ann. Geophys., 38, 359–372, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-359-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-359-2020, 2020
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We study the impact of the geomagnetic storm of 7–9 September 2017 on the low- to mid-latitude ionosphere. The study is based on the analysis of data from the Global Positioning System (GPS) stations and magnetic observatories located at different longitudinal sectors corresponding to the Pacific, Asia, Africa and the Americas during the period 4–14 September 2017. The GPS data are used to derive the global, regional and vertical total electron content (vTEC) in the four selected regions.
Alexander S. Lavrukhin, Igor I. Alexeev, and Ilya V. Tyutin
Ann. Geophys., 37, 535–547, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-535-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-535-2019, 2019
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This paper concerns the question of whether the maximum Earth ring current strength exists and at which moment the ring current can start to break up, thus making a new mechanism of the ring current decrease during the magnetic storm. We study this effect using the Stormer theory of particle motion. After transition of critical strength, Stormer's inner trapping region opens up and the ring current charged particles get the opportunity to leave it, thus decreasing the current strength.
Joseph D. Perez, James Edmond, Shannon Hill, Hanyun Xu, Natalia Buzulukova, Mei-Ching Fok, Jerry Goldstein, David J. McComas, and Phil Valek
Ann. Geophys., 36, 1439–1456, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1439-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1439-2018, 2018
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Pressure and anisotropy profiles from trapped ions in the ring current as observed from energetic neutral atom images are compared to numerical simulations for the first time. The results show evidence for short time and spatially localized injections from the plasma sheet.
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Short summary
Comprehensive analysis of a moderate substorm was performed using optical observations inside the auroral oval and in the polar cap, combined with data from satellites, radars, and ground magnetometers. The onset took place near the poleward boundary of the auroral oval that is not typical for classical substorms. The data fit to the near-tail current disruption scenario of the substorm onset. The role of the 15 min oscillations in the IMF Bz component in the substorm initiation is discussed.
Comprehensive analysis of a moderate substorm was performed using optical observations inside...