From the Sun to Earth: effects of the 25 August 2018 geomagnetic storm

Piersanti, Mirko; De Michelis, Paola; Del Moro, Dario; Tozzi, Roberta; Pezzopane, Michael; Consolini, Giuseppe; Marcucci, Maria Federica; Laurenza, Monica; Di Matteo, Simone; Pignalberi, Alessio; Quattrociocchi, Virgilio; Diego, Piero

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-703-2020

Articles | Volume 38, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-703-2020

© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Special issue:

Satellite observations for space weather and geo-hazard

https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-703-2020

© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 38, issue 3

Regular paper

|

10 Jun 2020

Regular paper |

| 10 Jun 2020

From the Sun to Earth: effects of the 25 August 2018 geomagnetic storm

Mirko Piersanti, Paola De Michelis, Dario Del Moro, Roberta Tozzi, Michael Pezzopane, Giuseppe Consolini, Maria Federica Marcucci, Monica Laurenza, Simone Di Matteo, Alessio Pignalberi, Virgilio Quattrociocchi, and Piero Diego

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Final revised paper (published on 10 Jun 2020)
Preprint (discussion started on 10 Jan 2020)

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment

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- Supplement

RC1: 'Manuscript # angeo-2019-165: From the Sun to the Earth: August 25, 2018 geomagnetic storm effects', Anonymous Referee #1, 12 Feb 2020
- AC1: 'Response to Anonymous Referee #1', Mirko Piersanti, 29 Feb 2020
- AC3: 'response to reviewer#1 and manuscript tracked', Mirko Piersanti, 29 Feb 2020
RC2: 'Interactive comment', Anonymous Referee #2, 13 Feb 2020
- AC2: 'Response to Anonymous Referee #2', Mirko Piersanti, 29 Feb 2020
- AC4: 'Response to reviewer#2 and manuscript tracked', Mirko Piersanti, 29 Feb 2020

Peer-review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision

ED: Reconsider after major revisions (further review by editor and referees) (09 Mar 2020) by Georgios Balasis

AR by Mirko Piersanti on behalf of the Authors (09 Mar 2020) Manuscript

ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (20 Mar 2020) by Georgios Balasis

RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (17 Apr 2020)

Suggestions for revision or reasons for rejection

Review report on the REVISED manuscript "From the Sun to the Earth: August 25, 2018 geomagnetic storm effects", submitted to Annales Geophysicae by Piersanti et al. for consideration of publication.

After reviewing the revised version of the above mentioned manuscript, I realize the authors implemented almost all the suggestions I made in my previous report. However, I still see very minor issues I believe should be addressed in order to improve the manuscript. Therefore, I recommend acceptance of this manuscript after this concerns are addressed. As a result, I think I no longer need to revise this manuscript if these issues are implemented by the authors.

Minor comments

1. Comment #8 of my previous report was not addressed in the revised manuscript. Please do so.

2. Line 76. Change "has been" too "was".

3. Line 85. Do you mean Lepping et al. (1995) and Stone et al. (1998)?

4. Line 86. Change "spacecrafts" too "spacecraft".

5. Lines 100-101. I think it would be better to state the shock ahead the ICME was dissipated while propagating in the interplanetary space, and consequently not observed at 1 AU, because the ICME as slow and weak.

Another hypothesis that I can think of is that the CME hit Earth with one of its edges (Figure 2 and Figure 3). Therefore, the normal of that magnetic cloud structure was very inclined making it very hard for L1 solar wind monitors to detect a true shock (associated with the fact that the magnetic cloud was very weak). Please see review by Oliveira and Samsonov (2018) and references there in. This discussion could be interesting and useful.

Oliveira, D. M., & Samsonov, A. A. (2018). Geoeffectiveness of interplanetary shocks controlled by impact angles: A review. Advances in Space Research, 61(1), 1-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.10.006

6. Figure 2. Shouldn't the units of theta and phi be in degrees? They are angles, aren't they?

7. Line 151. ...which makes "it" very...

8. Line 223. Do you mean minimum value of Dst?

9. Lines 355-357. The authors still make a reference to the now debunked interplanetary shock of 24 August 2018. Do the authors mean the magnetic cloud structure? Please clarify. There are other places in the paper that should be addressed, for example, in the caption of Figure 2.

End of minor comments.

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RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (23 Apr 2020)

ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (24 Apr 2020) by Georgios Balasis

AR by Mirko Piersanti on behalf of the Authors (28 Apr 2020) Author's response Manuscript

ED: Publish as is (28 Apr 2020) by Georgios Balasis

AR by Mirko Piersanti on behalf of the Authors (06 May 2020) Manuscript

Short summary

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the solar event that occurred on 25 August 2018. This kind of comprehensive analysis plays a key role in better understanding the complexity of the processes occurring in the Sun–Earth system determining the geoeffectiveness of manifestations of solar activity. The analysis presented here shows for the first time a direct link between characteristics of solar perturbation, the magnetosphere–ionosphere system response and space weather effects.