Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 37, issue 4
Articles | Volume 37, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-747-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-747-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 37, issue 4
Regular paper
 | 
23 Aug 2019
Regular paper |  | 23 Aug 2019

Effects of solar flares on the ionosphere as shown by the dynamics of ionograms recorded in Europe and South Africa

Veronika Barta, Gabriella Sátori, Kitti Alexandra Berényi, Árpád Kis, and Earle Williams

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Short summary
The solar flare effects on ionosphere at midlatitudes and low latitudes were investigated with the systematic analysis of ionospheric parameters derived from ionograms (total radio fade-out, fmin, dfmin: deviation from the reference days). The duration of the total fade-out varied with the solar zenith angle. Furthermore, a solar-zenith-angle-dependent enhancement of the fmin and dfmin parameters was detected but the observed values also depended on the flare intensity.
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Special issue
Vertical coupling in the atmosphere–ionosphere system