This work presents an analysis of the scintillation onset over the southern Brazil based on data from two solar maximum periods and simulation of the ionospheric conditions before the scintillation onset. The results shows some patterns which may help to prevent several satellite-based technological applications suffering disruptions due to scintillation issues.

Ionosonde data and crustal earthquakes with magnitude M ≥ 6.0 observed in Greece during the 2003–2015 period were examined. The ionospheric anomalies are identified on the observed variations of the sporadic E-layer parameters and foF2 at the Athens observatory. The empirical relationships between ionospheric anomalies and the earthquake magnitude and the epicentral distance are obtained. The possibility of using the relationships obtained for earthquake prediction is finally discussed.

Geosystemics studies the Earth system as a whole, focusing on the possible coupling among the Earth layers, and using universal entropic tools. In this paper, earthquakes are considered as a long term chain of processes involving the coupling of the solid earth with the above neutral and ionized atmosphere, and finally culminating with the main rupture along the fault of concern. Some case studies are presented.

The total electron content (TEC) is being extensively used to monitor the ionospheric behavior under geomagnetically quiet and disturbed conditions. The TEC presents significant changes during geomagnetic disturbed periods, causing degradation of signals in navigation systems and satellite communication. The geomagnetically disturbed periods occur due to enhanced solar activity and we show that the TEC presents intensifications not only during geomagnetic storms but also during HILDCAA events.