Hynninen, E. M. and Galuk, Y. P.: Field of vertical electric dipole over spherical Earth with non-uniform along-height atmosphere, in: Problems of Diffraction and Radio Propagation, issue 11, Leningrad University Press, Leningrad, 100–120, 1972 (in Russian).
Jones, D. L.: Schumann resonances and ELF propagation for inhomogeneous, isotropic ionosphere profiles, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 29, 1037–1044, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(67)90138-9, 1967.
Jones, D. L.: The apparent resonance frequencies of the Earth-ionosphere cavity when excited by a single dipole source, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 21, 679–684, 1969.
Jones, D. L.: Numerical computations of terrestrial ELF electromagnetic wave fields in the frequency domain, Radio Sci., 5, 803–809, 1970.
Jones, D. L.: ELF sferics and lightning effects on the middle and upper atmosphere, in: Modern Radio Science 1999, edited by: Stuchly, M. A., Oxford Univ. Press for URSI, Oxford, 171–191, ISBN 978-0-7803-6002-0, 1999.
Jones, D. L. and Knott, M.: Comparison of simplified and full-wave ELF propagation models, URSI General Assembly, Toronto, Canada, Session E6, August 1999, 1999.
Koloskov, A. V., Baru, N. A., Budanov, O. V., Bezrodny, V. G., Gavriluk, B. Yu., Paznukhov, A. V., and Yampolski, Y. M.: Diagnostic of global lightning activity based on long-term monitoring of Schumann resonance signals at UAS Akademik Vernadsky, Ukr. Antarct. J., 12, 170–176, https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.12.2013.260, 2013 (in Russian).
Koloskov, A. V., Nickolaenko, A. P., Yampolski, Y. M., Hall, C. S., and Budanov, O. V.: Variations of global thunderstorm activity derived from long-term Schumann resonance monitoring in the Antarctic and Arctic, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 201, 105231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105231, 2020.
Koloskov, O. V., Nickolaenko, A. P., Yampolski, Y. M., and Budanov, O. V.: Electromagnetic seasons in Schumann resonance records, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2022JD036582, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036582, 2022.
Kudintseva, I., Nickolaenko, A., Rycroft, M. J., and Odzimek, A.: AC and DC global electric circuit properties and the height profile of atmospheric conductivity, Ann. Geophys., 59, A0545, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6870, 2016.
Kudintseva, I. G., Galuk, Y. P., Nickolaenko, A. P., and Hayakawa, M.: Modifications of middle-atmosphere conductivity during sudden ionospheric disturbances deduced from Schumann resonance peak frequency changes, Radio Sci., 53, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RS006554, 2018.
Madden, T. and Thompson, W.: Low-frequency electromagnetic oscillations of the Earth-ionosphere cavity, Rev. Geophys., 3, 211–254, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG003i002p00211, 1965.
Makarov, G. I., Novikov, V. V., and Rybachek, S. T.: Electromagnetic Waves Propagation over the Earth's Surface, Nauka, Moscow, 196 pp., ISBN 5-02-006827-6, 1991 (in Russian).
Makarov, G. I., Novikov, V. V., and Rybachek, S. T.: Radio Wave Propagation in the Earth–Ionosphere Waveguide and the Ionosphere, Nauka, Moscow, 152 pp., ISBN 5-02-007000-9, 1994 (in Russian).
Nickolaenko, A. P. and Rabinowicz, L. M.: Study of annual changes of global lightning distribution and frequency variations of th
e first Schumann resonance mode, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 1345–1348, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(94)00114-4, 1995.
Nickolaenko, A. P., Sátori, G., Ziegler, V., Rabinowicz, L. M., and Kudintseva, I. G.: Parameters of global thunderstorm activity deduced from long-term Schumann resonance records, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 70, 387–399, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(97)00121-1, 1998.
Nickolaenko, A. and Hayakawa, M.: Schumann Resonance for Tyros (Essentials of Global Electromagnetic Resonance in the Earth–Ionosphere Cavity), Springer, Tokyo, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London, 348 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54358-9, 2014.
Nickolaenko, A. P.: Efficient three-source model for Schumann resonances, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 265, 106395, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106395, 2024.
Nickolaenko, A. P. and Hayakawa, M.: Spectra and waveforms of ELF transients in the Earth-ionosphere cavity with small losses, Radio Sci., 49, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RS005281, 2014.
Nickolaenko, A. P., Hayakawa, M., and Koloskov, A. V.: Schumann resonance as a remote sensor of lower ionosphere and global thunderstorms based on long-term observations at Antarctic and Arctic stations, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 269, 106465, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106465, 2025a.
Nickolaenko, A. P., Hayakawa, M., and Koloskov, O.: Impact of solar activity on Schumann resonance: model and experiment, Atmosphere, 16, 648, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16060648, 2025b.
Price, C.: ELF electromagnetic waves from lightning: the Schumann resonances, Atmosphere, 7, 116, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7090116, 2016.
Rice, S. O.: Mathematical analysis of random noise, Bell Syst. Tech. J., 23, 282–332, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1944.tb00874.x, 1944.
Rice, S. O.: Mathematical analysis of random noise, Bell Syst. Tech. J., 24, 46–156, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1944.tb00874.x, 1945.
Rycroft, M. J., Nickolaenko, A. P., Harrison, R. G., and Odzimek, A.: The global circuit capacitor and new ways of deriving the time constant of the global atmospheric electric circuit, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106545, 2025.
Sátori, G., Zieger, B., and Szendrői, J.: ELF electromagnetic observations at Nagycenk Geophysical Observatory, Hungary, Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica, 40, 377–390, 2005.
Sátori, G., Mushtak, V., and Williams, E. R.: Schumann resonance signatures of global lightning activity, in: Lightning: Principles, Instruments and Applications, edited by: Betz, H. D., Schumann, U., and Laroche, P., Springer, Dordrecht, 347–386, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9079-0_16, 2012.
Sátori, G., Bozoki, T., Williams, E., Pracser, E., Herein, M., Albrecht, R. I., and Beltrán, R. P.: How Schumann resonance frequency changes in the vertical electric field component reflect global lightning dynamics at different time scales, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 129, e2024JD041455, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041455, 2024.
Sentman, D. D.: Schumann resonances, in: Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, Vol. 1, edited by: Volland, H., CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, Tokyo, 267–298, ISBN 0-8493-8647-0, 1995.
Shvets, A. V., Hobara, Y., and Hayakawa, M.: Variations of the global lightning distribution revealed from three-station Schumann resonance measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A12316, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015851, 2010.
Shvets, A. V., Hobara, Y., Hayakawa, M., Shvets, A. A., Koloskov, O., and Yampolsky, Y.: Investigation of anomalous lightning activity during the 15 January 2022 Tonga volcano eruption based on VLF and ELF measurements, J. Atmos. Solar–Terr. Phys., 264, 106344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106344, 2024.
Volland, H.: Longwave sferics propagation in the atmospheric waveguide, in: Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, vol. 2, edited by: Volland, H., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 65–94, ISBN 0-8493-2520-X, 1995.
Wait, J. R.: Electromagnetic Waves in Stratified Media, Pergamon Press, Oxford, New York, Toronto, 708 pp., ISBN 978-0-08-006636-3, 1970.
Watt, A. D.: VLF Radio Engineering, Pergamon Press, Oxford, New York, Paris, 878 pp., ISBN 978-0-08-012313-4, 1967.
Yamashita, K., Otsuyama, T., Hobara, Y., Sekiguchi, M., Matsudo, Y., Hayakawa, M., and Korepanov, V.: Global distribution and characteristics of intense lightning discharges from ELF transients observed at Moshiri (Japan), J. Atmos. Electr., 29, 71–80, https://doi.org/10.1541/jae.29.71, 2009.
Yatsevich, E. I., Nickolaenko, A. P., and Pechony, O. B.: Diurnal and seasonal variations in the intensities and peak frequencies of the first three Schumann resonance modes, Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 51, 528–535, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-008-9056-0, 2008.