Articles | Volume 44, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-881-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-881-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular paper
| 
01 Sep 2026
Regular paper |
| 01 Sep 2026
| 01 Sep 2026
Magnetotail response to corotating interaction region driven geomagnetic storms: Cluster observations
Adriane Marques de Souza Franco
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí, Brazil
Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará (UNIFESSPA), Marabá, Brazil
Rashmi Rawat
National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, India
Mauricio José Alves Bolzan
Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará (UNIFESSPA), Marabá, Brazil
Ezequiel Echer
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
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We used up-to-date substorms, HILDCAAs and geomagnetic storms of varying intensity along with all available geomagnetic indices during the space exploration era to explore the seasonal features of the geomagnetic activity and their drivers. As substorms, HILDCAAs and magnetic storms of varying intensity have varying solar/interplanetary drivers, such a study is important for acomplete understanding of the seasonal features of the geomagnetic response to the solar/interplanetary events.
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On February 03 2022, SpaceX launched a new group of satellites for its Starlink constellation. This launch simultaneously released 49 satellites into orbits between 200 km and 250 km height. The launches occurred during a geomagnetic storm that was followed by a second storm. There was an immediate loss of 32 satellites. The satellite losses may have been caused by an unusually high level of atmospheric drag (unexplained by current theory or modeling) or a high level of satellite collisions.
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We used up-to-date substorms, HILDCAAs and geomagnetic storms of varying intensity along with all available geomagnetic indices during the space exploration era to explore the seasonal features of the geomagnetic activity and their drivers. As substorms, HILDCAAs and magnetic storms of varying intensity have varying solar/interplanetary drivers, such a study is important for acomplete understanding of the seasonal features of the geomagnetic response to the solar/interplanetary events.
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Short summary
This study investigates 40 geomagnetic storms driven by corotating interaction regions and their impact on Earth's magnetotail. We find that short, 4 h energy pulses dominate the magnetotail during cyclic substorms. Furthermore, High-Intensity, Long-Duration, Continuous Auroral Activity (HILDCAA) events in the recovery phase facilitate energy distribution across 2–12 h periodicities in the auroral region. Spectral indices indicate strong turbulence in both regions.
This study investigates 40 geomagnetic storms driven by corotating interaction regions and their...
