Articles | Volume 44, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-511-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-511-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular paper
| 
23 Jun 2026
Regular paper |
| 23 Jun 2026
| 23 Jun 2026
JUICE-MAJIS Earth observations during the 2024 gravity assist: first analysis and comparison with PRISMA data
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS/INAF), Rome, Italy
Emiliano D'Aversa
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS/INAF), Rome, Italy
Alessandra Migliorini
Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPd/INAF), Padova, Italy
Giuseppe Piccioni
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS/INAF), Rome, Italy
François Poulet
Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay CEDEX, France
Yves Langevin
Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay CEDEX, France
Gianrico Filacchione
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS/INAF), Rome, Italy
Mauro Ciarniello
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS/INAF), Rome, Italy
Sébastien Rodriguez
Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay CEDEX, France
Benoît Seignovert
OSUNA, UAR-3281, LPG UMR-6112, CNRS, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
Alessandro Mura
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS/INAF), Rome, Italy
Leigh N. Fletcher
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
Sandrine Guerlet
Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique, LMD-IPSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université PSL, Institut Polytechnique, Paris, France
LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 92195 Meudon CEDEX, France
Angelo Zinzi
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Rome, Italy
Marco Giardino
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Rome, Italy
Ettore Lopinto
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Rome, Italy
Giuseppe Sindoni
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Rome, Italy
Christina Plainaki
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS/INAF), Rome, Italy
Related authors
Emiliano D'Aversa, Fabrizio Oliva, Giuseppe Piccioni, François Poulet, Ivana Kolmašová, Benoît Seignovert, Alessandra Migliorini, Gianrico Filacchione, Leigh Fletcher, Alessandro Mura, Yves Langevin, Davide Grassi, Sébastien Rodriguez, Federico Tosi, Nicolas Ligier, Giuseppe Sindoni, Marco Giardino, and Christina Plainaki
Ann. Geophys., 44, 435–460, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-435-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-435-2026, 2026
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Terrestrial lightning has been spectroscopically observed from Juice (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) spacecraft, for the first time from space in a wide wavelength range. Though not detected by ground sensors, Juice confirmed neutral atomic oxygen and nitrogen emissions, with energies and temperatures consistent with average lightning. This observation is a benchmark for Jupiter, a primary Juice target, where simultaneous hydrogen emissions in different wavelengths could identify lightning.
François Poulet, Giuseppe Piccioni, Yves Langevin, Cydalise Dumesnil, Vincent Carlier, Benoit Seignovert, Marc Dexet, Leigh N. Fletcher, Cédric Leyrat, Francesca Altieri, John Carter, Emiliano D'Aversa, Maria De Sanctis, Davide Grassi, Sandrine Guerlet, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Alessandra Migliorini, Fabrizio Oliva, Clément Royer, Sébastien Rodriguez, Katrin Stephan, Federico Tosi, Francesca Zambon, Alberto Adriani, Gabriele Arnold, Jean-Pierre Bibring, Dominique Bockelée, Rosario Brunetto, Fabrizio Capaccioni, Cristian Carli, Thibault Cavalié, Miriam Cisneros González, Mauro Ciarnello, Simone De Angelis, Pierre Drossart, Gianrico Filacchione, Thierry Fouchet, Jean-Claude Gérard, Denis Grodent, Patrick Irwin, Sophie Jacquinod, Ozgur Karatekin, Emmanuel Lellouch, Nicolas Ligier, Nicolas Mangold, Magali Mebsout, Frédéric Merlin, Alessandro Morbidelli, Alessandro Mura, Andreas Nathues, Maria E. Palumbo, Cédric Pilorget, Olivier Poch, Eric Quirico, Andrea Raponi, Séverine Robert, Elias Roussos, Agustin Sanchez-Lavega, Bernard Schmitt, Giuseppe Sindoni, Marcel Snels, Roberto Sordini, Stefania Stefani, Giovanni Strazzulla, Tim Trent, Gabriel Tobie, Diego Turrini, Ann-Carine Vandaele, Mathieu Vincendon, Olivier Witasse, Claire Vallat, and Alessandro Moraino
Ann. Geophys., 44, 163–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-163-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-163-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
During the double Lunar-Earth Gravitational Assist with the ESA/JUICE (Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer) spacecraft in August 2024, we acquired hyperspectral data cubes of both the Moon and Earth with the MAJIS (Moons And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer) imaging spectrometer under challenging, real in-flight conditions. This allowed to characterize surface materials and thermophysical properties on the Moon, identify various cloud phases and gases in Earth's atmosphere, and thoroughly validate the performance of the instrument.
Yves Langevin, Sébastien Rodriguez, Sandrine Guerlet, François Poulet, Giuseppe Piccioni, Livio Agostini, Raymond Armante, Emiliano D’Aversa, Gianrico Filacchione, Leigh Fletcher, Fabrizio Oliva, Clément Royer, Benoit Seignovert, Katrin Stephan, Federico Tosi, and Tim Trent
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-410, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-410, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
Short summary
Short summary
We present an updated spectral and radiometric calibration of MAJIS, the VISNIR imaging spectrometer of JUICE, based on results of Earth and Moon observations during the double swing-by by JUICE in August 2024 and on observations of the MAJIS internal calibration unit. Very good agreements were obtained with results of other instruments and models. These MAJIS observations provide a promising teaser of what will be achieved by MAJIS in the system of Jupiter.
Emiliano D'Aversa, Fabrizio Oliva, Giuseppe Piccioni, François Poulet, Ivana Kolmašová, Benoît Seignovert, Alessandra Migliorini, Gianrico Filacchione, Leigh Fletcher, Alessandro Mura, Yves Langevin, Davide Grassi, Sébastien Rodriguez, Federico Tosi, Nicolas Ligier, Giuseppe Sindoni, Marco Giardino, and Christina Plainaki
Ann. Geophys., 44, 435–460, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-435-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-435-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Terrestrial lightning has been spectroscopically observed from Juice (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) spacecraft, for the first time from space in a wide wavelength range. Though not detected by ground sensors, Juice confirmed neutral atomic oxygen and nitrogen emissions, with energies and temperatures consistent with average lightning. This observation is a benchmark for Jupiter, a primary Juice target, where simultaneous hydrogen emissions in different wavelengths could identify lightning.
Benoît Seignovert, François Poulet, Yves Langevin, Emiliano D'Aversa, Nicolas Ligier, Cydalise Dumesnil, Magali Mesbout, Cédric Leyrat, Sophie Jacquinod, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Gabriel Tobie, Nicolas Mangold, Giuseppe Piccioni, Federico Tosi, Katrin Stephan, Pasquale Palumbo, Livio Agostini, Luca Penasa, Laetitia Le Deit, Thomas Cornet, Ines Belgacem, Marc Costa-Sitja, Alfredo Escalante Lopez, and Simeon Schmauß
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2655, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2655, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
Short summary
Short summary
This paper is the first in-flight geometric calibration of the MAJIS visible and infrared mapping spectrometer instrument onboard the ESA-Juice mission. It contains an overview of the spatial distribution of the MAJIS signal collected at different scan angles and their position in MAJIS field of view; the first two starfields in-flight calibration and multiple comparisons with the data collected by other Juice instruments during the first Lunar and Earth Gravity Assist (LEGA) by Juice in 2024.
Cecilia Tubiana, Luca Penasa, Livio Agostini, Alessio Aboudan, Michael Aye, Klaus-Dieter Matz, Matthew Read, Thomas Bilotta, Ricardo Hueso, Alice Lucchetti, Elke Kersten, Romolo Politi, Ganna Portyankina, Benoit Seignovert, Frank Trauthan, Angelo Zinzi, Ry Evill, Angela Dietz, Ines Belgacem, Thomas Cornet, Jose María Castro-Marin, Vincenzo Della Corte, Stubbe Hviid, Thomas Roatsch, Nicole Schmitz, Manish R. Patel, Luisa M. Lara, and Pasquale Palumbo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2008, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2008, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the observations of Moon and the Earth carried on by JANUS during LEGA in Aug 2024 and the in Sept 2024 when JUICE looked back to the Moon-Earth system following the flyby. The observation sequences are described together with the limitations that had to be taken into account during the design process. Some highlights are lessons learned from the campaigns are provided, including the importance of science-like activities during the long cruise phase of planetary missions.
François Poulet, Giuseppe Piccioni, Yves Langevin, Cydalise Dumesnil, Vincent Carlier, Benoit Seignovert, Marc Dexet, Leigh N. Fletcher, Cédric Leyrat, Francesca Altieri, John Carter, Emiliano D'Aversa, Maria De Sanctis, Davide Grassi, Sandrine Guerlet, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Alessandra Migliorini, Fabrizio Oliva, Clément Royer, Sébastien Rodriguez, Katrin Stephan, Federico Tosi, Francesca Zambon, Alberto Adriani, Gabriele Arnold, Jean-Pierre Bibring, Dominique Bockelée, Rosario Brunetto, Fabrizio Capaccioni, Cristian Carli, Thibault Cavalié, Miriam Cisneros González, Mauro Ciarnello, Simone De Angelis, Pierre Drossart, Gianrico Filacchione, Thierry Fouchet, Jean-Claude Gérard, Denis Grodent, Patrick Irwin, Sophie Jacquinod, Ozgur Karatekin, Emmanuel Lellouch, Nicolas Ligier, Nicolas Mangold, Magali Mebsout, Frédéric Merlin, Alessandro Morbidelli, Alessandro Mura, Andreas Nathues, Maria E. Palumbo, Cédric Pilorget, Olivier Poch, Eric Quirico, Andrea Raponi, Séverine Robert, Elias Roussos, Agustin Sanchez-Lavega, Bernard Schmitt, Giuseppe Sindoni, Marcel Snels, Roberto Sordini, Stefania Stefani, Giovanni Strazzulla, Tim Trent, Gabriel Tobie, Diego Turrini, Ann-Carine Vandaele, Mathieu Vincendon, Olivier Witasse, Claire Vallat, and Alessandro Moraino
Ann. Geophys., 44, 163–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-163-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-163-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
During the double Lunar-Earth Gravitational Assist with the ESA/JUICE (Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer) spacecraft in August 2024, we acquired hyperspectral data cubes of both the Moon and Earth with the MAJIS (Moons And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer) imaging spectrometer under challenging, real in-flight conditions. This allowed to characterize surface materials and thermophysical properties on the Moon, identify various cloud phases and gases in Earth's atmosphere, and thoroughly validate the performance of the instrument.
Yves Langevin, Sébastien Rodriguez, Sandrine Guerlet, François Poulet, Giuseppe Piccioni, Livio Agostini, Raymond Armante, Emiliano D’Aversa, Gianrico Filacchione, Leigh Fletcher, Fabrizio Oliva, Clément Royer, Benoit Seignovert, Katrin Stephan, Federico Tosi, and Tim Trent
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-410, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-410, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO).
Short summary
Short summary
We present an updated spectral and radiometric calibration of MAJIS, the VISNIR imaging spectrometer of JUICE, based on results of Earth and Moon observations during the double swing-by by JUICE in August 2024 and on observations of the MAJIS internal calibration unit. Very good agreements were obtained with results of other instruments and models. These MAJIS observations provide a promising teaser of what will be achieved by MAJIS in the system of Jupiter.
Francesca Zambon, Francesca Altieri, Maria Cristina De Sanctis, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Giuseppe Piccioni, François Poulet, Yves Langevin, Clément Royer, Federico Tosi, Ozgur Karatekin, Alessandro Mura, and Cristian Carli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-876, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-876, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed new detailed measurements of the Moon’s surface acquired by the Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer mission. Our study maps the distribution of key minerals in both maria and highland regions, revealing differences in composition. The results confirm previous findings and show that this instrument can provide reliable data for future planetary exploration, helping to better understand the Moon and other planetary bodies.
Sandrine Guerlet, Raymond Armante, Ninon Lauzanne, François Poulet, Yves Langevin, Sébastien Rodriguez, Leigh Fletcher, Thierry Fouchet, Giuseppe Piccioni, and Alessandra Migliorini
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-805, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-805, 2026
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Short summary
The JUpiter ICy moons Explorer spacecraft (JUICE) flew by the Moon and Earth on 19 and 20th August 2024, which was an excellent opportunity to test its instruments before its arrival at Jupiter in 2031. Here we evaluate the performances of one of its instruments, the Moon and Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer (MAJIS). We compared MAJIS observations of the Earth with measurements acquired on the same day by another instrument orbiting the Earth, and find an excellent match between the two instruments.
Federico Tosi, Clément Royer, Federico Colaiuta, François Poulet, Tyler M. Powell, Benjamin T. Greenhagen, Yves Langevin, Alessandro Mura, Giuseppe Piccioni, Cédric Pilorget, Cristian Carli, and Francesca Zambon
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6150, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6150, 2025
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We used infrared data from the MAJIS instrument on the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer during its 2024 lunar flyby to map the Moon’s temperature and infrared emission at the time of the overpass. By comparing three analysis methods, we confirmed known contrasts between maria and highlands and showed how surface texture shapes their infrared signal. These results help prepare MAJIS for studying the diverse and unexplored moons that orbit Jupiter.
Marcel Snels, Stefania Stefani, Angelo Boccaccini, David Biondi, and Giuseppe Piccioni
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7187–7197, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7187-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7187-2021, 2021
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A novel simulation chamber, PASSxS (Planetary Atmosphere Simulation System for Spectroscopy), has been developed for absorption measurements with a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and possibly a cavity ring-down (CRD) spectrometer, with a sample temperature ranging from 100 K up to 550 K, while the pressure of the gas can be varied up to 60 bar. These temperature and pressure ranges cover a significant part of the planetary atmospheres in the solar system and possibly extrasolar planets.
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Short summary
During its first Earth flyby, the JUpiter Icy Moons Explorer (Juice) spacecraft acquired observations over the Western Pacific. We identify several gaseous compounds (O2, H2O, CO2, O3, CH4, N2O), liquid/ice clouds over the ocean and atmospheric waves at high altitudes. We find good agreement with similar observations of Earth-orbiting PRISMA spectrometer. This study helps in planning future observations from the Moon and Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer (Majis) when it comes to the Jupiter system.
During its first Earth flyby, the JUpiter Icy Moons Explorer (Juice) spacecraft acquired...
