Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 44, issue 1
Articles | Volume 44, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-353-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-353-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 44, issue 1
Regular paper
 | 
19 May 2026
Regular paper |  | 19 May 2026

High-latitude MSTIDs over the EISCAT-3D site: solar activity and seasonal dependency

Rahul Rathi, Adrian Grocott, Tim K. Yeoman, and Mark Lester

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Short summary
We investigate high-latitude medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) over European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT)-3D site. Using Hankasalmi radar data during solar max & min years of solar cycles 23 & 24, we observed that MSTIDs normally propagate equatorward with velocity and period of 50–150 m s-1 and 30–60 minutes, respectively. Along with seasonal variation, MSTIDs showed dependency on solar activity as well as on northward and southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz.
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