Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-803-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-803-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
Regular paper
 | Highlight paper
 | 
10 Dec 2025
Regular paper | Highlight paper |  | 10 Dec 2025

Global inductive magnetosphere-ionosphere- thermosphere coupling

Karl M. Laundal, Andreas S. Skeidsvoll, Beatrice Popescu Braileanu, Spencer M. Hatch, Nils Olsen, and Heikki Vanhamäki

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Editor-in-chief
The paper represents a significant step forward in the numerical modelling of global ionospheric electrodynamics, incorporating the time-dependent effects of magnetic induction, with the potential for further extension to other planets in the Solar System.
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Short summary
The ionosphere is where Earth’s atmosphere overlaps with a gas of charged particles in space. There, collisions with neutral air and electromagnetic forces driven by the solar wind control plasma motion. We created a global model that includes magnetic induction, explaining how electric currents and fields change, offering a more accurate view of atmosphere–space coupling than conventional models based on electric circuits.
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