Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-755-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-755-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
Regular paper
 | 
04 Dec 2025
Regular paper |  | 04 Dec 2025

An empirical model of high-latitude ionospheric conductances based on EISCAT observations

Liisa Juusola, Ilkka Virtanen, Spencer Mark Hatch, Heikki Vanhamäki, Maxime Grandin, Noora Partamies, Urs Ganse, Ilja Honkonen, Abiyot Workayehu, Antti Kero, and Minna Palmroth

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Latest update: 11 Aug 2026
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Short summary
Key properties of the ionospheric electrodynamics are electric fields, currents, and conductances. They provide a window to the vast and distant near-Earth space, cause Joule heating that affect satellite orbits, and drive geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in technological conductor networks. We have developed a new method for solving the key properties of ionospheric electrodynamics from ground-based magnetic field observations.
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