Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-511-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-511-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
Regular paper
 | 
16 Sep 2025
Regular paper |  | 16 Sep 2025

Observations of traveling ionospheric disturbances driven by gravity waves from sources in the upper and lower atmosphere

Paul Prikryl, David R. Themens, Jaroslav Chum, Shibaji Chakraborty, Robert G. Gillies, and James M. Weygand

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Short summary
Traveling ionospheric disturbances are plasma density fluctuations usually driven by atmospheric gravity waves in the neutral atmosphere. The aim of this study is to attribute multi-instrument observations of traveling ionospheric disturbances to gravity waves generated in the upper atmosphere at high latitudes or gravity waves generated by tropospheric weather systems at midlatitudes.
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