Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 43, issue 1
Articles | Volume 43, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-115-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-115-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 43, issue 1
Regular paper
 | 
30 Jan 2025
Regular paper |  | 30 Jan 2025

Quadratic magnetic gradients from seven- and nine-spacecraft constellations

Chao Shen, Gang Zeng, Rungployphan Kieokaew, and Yufei Zhou

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Short summary
The coming seven-spacecraft Plasma Observatory and nine-spacecraft HelioSwarm will achieve seven–nine-point magnetic measurements. In this study, a new algorithm is generated to calculate linear and quadratic magnetic gradients from such magnetic measurements so as to obtain the complete geometry of the magnetic structures observed. The tests verify the feasibility of the method. The algorithm can thus be applied to the analysis of magnetic field data from the Plasma Observatory and HelioSwarm.
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