Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 42, issue 2
Articles | Volume 42, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-42-473-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-42-473-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 42, issue 2
Regular paper
 | 
02 Dec 2024
Regular paper |  | 02 Dec 2024

Impact of different solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) proxies and Ap index on hmF2 trend analysis

Trinidad Duran, Bruno Santiago Zossi, Yamila Daniela Melendi, Blas Federico de Haro Barbas, Fernando Salvador Buezas, and Ana Georgina Elias

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Short summary
Our research investigates how different proxies of solar activity influence long-term trends in the Earth's ionosphere. By analyzing data from two mid-latitude stations up to 2022, we found that the choice of solar activity measures significantly affects trends in ionospheric electron density, while trends in ionospheric height remain more stable. Selecting the correct solar activity measure is crucial for accurate density trend predictions and improving space weather forecasting models. ​
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Long-term trends in the stratosphere–mesosphere–thermosphere–ionosphere...