Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 41, issue 2
Articles | Volume 41, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-339-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-339-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 41, issue 2
Regular paper
 | Highlight paper
 | 
11 Sep 2023
Regular paper | Highlight paper |  | 11 Sep 2023

Analysis of in situ measurements of electron, ion and neutral temperatures in the lower thermosphere–ionosphere

Panagiotis Pirnaris and Theodoros Sarris

Related authors

Globally- and Hemispherically-Integrated Joule heating rates during the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm, according to Physics-based and Empirical Models
Stelios Tourgaidis, Dimitrios Baloukidis, Panagiotis Pirnaris, Theodoros Sarris, Aaron Ridley, and Gang Lu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2679,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2679, 2025
Short summary
Lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) quantities: current status of measuring techniques and models
Minna Palmroth, Maxime Grandin, Theodoros Sarris, Eelco Doornbos, Stelios Tourgaidis, Anita Aikio, Stephan Buchert, Mark A. Clilverd, Iannis Dandouras, Roderick Heelis, Alex Hoffmann, Nickolay Ivchenko, Guram Kervalishvili, David J. Knudsen, Anna Kotova, Han-Li Liu, David M. Malaspina, Günther March, Aurélie Marchaudon, Octav Marghitu, Tomoko Matsuo, Wojciech J. Miloch, Therese Moretto-Jørgensen, Dimitris Mpaloukidis, Nils Olsen, Konstantinos Papadakis, Robert Pfaff, Panagiotis Pirnaris, Christian Siemes, Claudia Stolle, Jonas Suni, Jose van den IJssel, Pekka T. Verronen, Pieter Visser, and Masatoshi Yamauchi
Ann. Geophys., 39, 189–237, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-189-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-189-2021, 2021
Short summary

Cited articles

Andrews, D. G., Holton, J. R., and Leovy, C. B.: Middle atmosphere dynamics, OSTI.GOV, https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5936274 (last access: 10 March 2021), 1987. a
Becker, E., Goncharenko, L., Harvey, V. L., and Vadas, S. L.: Multi-Step Vertical Coupling During the January 2017 Sudden Stratospheric Warming, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 127, e2022JA030866, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030866, 2022. a, b
Benson, R. F., Bauer, P., Brace, L. H., Carlson, H. C., Hagen, J., Hanson, W. B., Hoegy, W. R., Torr, M. R., Wand, R. H., and Wickwar, V. B.: Electron and ion temperatures-A comparison of ground-based incoherent scatter and AE-C satellite measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 36–42, https://doi.org/10.1029/ja082i001p00036, 1977. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m
Bilitza, D., Rawer, K., Bossy, L., and Gulyaeva, T.: International reference ionosphere – past, present, and future: II. Plasma temperatures, ion composition and ion drift, Adv. Space Res., 13, 15–23, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(93)90241-3, 1993. a
Bilitza, D., Papitashvili, N., and King, J.: Atmosphere Explorer C, D, And E 15-Sec Data, SPDF NASA [data set], https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/ae/ (last access: 15 January 2020), 1995. a
More articles (67)
Download
Editor-in-chief
The research presented in this paper includes a large number of events during which the neutral temperatures were higher than the ion temperatures. This feature is against what we know from textbooks, suggesting that further investigations on this issue should be performed.
Read more
Short summary
The relation between electron, ion and neutral temperatures in the lower thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) is key to understanding the energy balance and transfer between species. However, their simultaneous measurement is rare in the LTI. Based on data from the AE-C, AE-D, AE-E and DE-2 satellites of the 1970s and 1980s, a large number of events where neutrals are hotter than ions are identified and statistically analyzed. Potential mechanisms that could trigger these events are proposed.
Read more
Share