Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 40, issue 5
Articles | Volume 40, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-563-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-563-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 40, issue 5
Regular paper
 | 
05 Sep 2022
Regular paper |  | 05 Sep 2022

Temporal and altitudinal variability of the spread F observed by the VHF radar over Christmas Island

Ricardo Yvan de La Cruz Cueva, Eurico Rodrigues de Paula, and Acácio Cunha Neto

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Short summary
This paper brings analysis of spread-F echoes along the years of 2003 to 2012 from Christmas Island radar. We organize our data with the objective of observing the peak time and altitude distribution. Our results indicate the peak time occurrence of echoes to be distributed closer to local sunset during solar maximum and around midnight during solar minimum; meanwhile, the peak altitude echoes show higher altitude occurrences during solar maxima and lower altitudes during solar minima.
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From the Sun to the Earth's...