Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 40, issue 4
Articles | Volume 40, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-433-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-433-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 40, issue 4
Regular paper
 | 
04 Jul 2022
Regular paper |  | 04 Jul 2022

Diagnostic study of geomagnetic storm-induced ionospheric changes over very low-frequency signal propagation paths in the mid-latitude D region

Victor U. J. Nwankwo, William Denig, Sandip K. Chakrabarti, Olugbenga Ogunmodimu, Muyiwa P. Ajakaiye, Johnson O. Fatokun, Paul I. Anekwe, Omodara E. Obisesan, Olufemi E. Oyanameh, and Oluwaseun V. Fatoye

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Latest update: 30 Oct 2025
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Short summary
We combined the observed diurnal VLF amplitude variation in the D region with standard measurements of the E and F regions to perform a diagnostic investigation of coupled geomagnetic storm effects in order to understand the observed storm-induced variations in VLF narrowband based on state and responses of the ionosphere. The dayside VLF amplitude showed a tendency for attenuation following geomagnetic storms, and the h’E and h’F variations confirmed strong storm response over the signal paths.
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