Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 40, issue 2
Articles | Volume 40, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-205-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-205-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 40, issue 2
Regular paper
 | Highlight paper
 | 
20 Apr 2022
Regular paper | Highlight paper |  | 20 Apr 2022

The Lehtinen–Pirjola method modified for efficient modelling of geomagnetically induced currents in multiple voltage levels of a power network

Risto J. Pirjola, David H. Boteler, Loughlin Tuck, and Santiago Marsal

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Latest update: 06 Nov 2025
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Short summary
The Lehtinen–Pirjola (LP) method is widely used for modelling geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in power systems but was developed when the main aim was to model GIC in only the highest voltage level of a power network. Here we present a modification to the LP method designed to provide an efficient method for modelling GIC in multiple voltage levels. We also show how existing software can easily be converted to the new method and provide examples of calculations.
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