Articles | Volume 39, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-929-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-929-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular paper
| 
18 Oct 2021
Regular paper |
| 18 Oct 2021
| 18 Oct 2021
Seasonal features of geomagnetic activity: a study on the solar activity dependence
Adriane Marques de Souza Franco
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
Ezequiel Echer
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
Mauricio José Alves Bolzan
Space Physics and Astronomy Laboratory, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Brazil
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Adriane Marques de Souza Franco, Ezequiel Echer, and Mauricio José Alves Bolzan
Ann. Geophys., 37, 919–929, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-919-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-919-2019, 2019
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The wavelet transform was employed in nine HILDCAA events for intervals in which the Cluster crossed the magnetotail in order to identify the most energetic periods of these events in the magnetotail. It was seen that 76 % of the periods identified are ≤4 h. Using the cross wavelet analysis technique between Bz–IMF components and the Bx geomagnetic components, it was identified that the coupling of energy is stronger in periods between 2 and 4 h, which are typical substorm periods.
Adriane Marques de Souza, Ezequiel Echer, Mauricio José Alves Bolzan, and Rajkumar Hajra
Ann. Geophys., 36, 205–211, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-205-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-205-2018, 2018
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Cross-wavelet and classical cross-correlation analyses were used in order to study solar-wind–magnetosphere coupling during HILDCAAs. Cross-correlation analyses results show that the coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere during HILDCAAs occurs mainly in the period ≤ 8 h. Classical correlation analysis indicates that the correlation between IMF Bz and AE may be classified as moderate (0.4–0.7) and that more than 80 % of the HILDCAAs exhibit a lag of 20–30 min.
Fernando L. Guarnieri, Bruce T. Tsurutani, Rajkumar Hajra, Ezequiel Echer, and Gurbax S. Lakhina
Nonlin. Processes Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-2024-9, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-2024-9, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for NPG
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On February 03, 2022, SpaceX launched a new group of satellites for its Starlink constellation. This launch simultaneously released 49 satellites in orbits between 200 km and 250 km height. The launches occurred during a geomagnetic storm, followed by a second one. There was an immediate loss of 32 satellites. The satellite losses may have been caused by an unusually high level of atmospheric drag (unexplained by current theory/modeling) or a high level of satellite collisions.
Rajkumar Hajra
Ann. Geophys., 39, 181–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-181-2021, 2021
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Geomagnetic activity is known to exhibit semi-annual variation with larger occurrences during equinoxes. A similar seasonal feature was reported for relativistic (∼ MeV) electrons throughout the entire outer zone radiation belt. Present work, for the first time reveals that electron fluxes increase with an ∼ 6-month periodicity in a limited L-shell only with large dependence in solar activity cycle. In addition, flux enhancements are not essentially equinoctial.
Bruce T. Tsurutani, Gurbax S. Lakhina, and Rajkumar Hajra
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 27, 75–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-27-75-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-27-75-2020, 2020
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Current space weather problems are discussed for young researchers. We have discussed some of the major problems that need to be solved for space weather forecasting to become a reality.
Adriane Marques de Souza Franco, Ezequiel Echer, and Mauricio José Alves Bolzan
Ann. Geophys., 37, 919–929, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-919-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-919-2019, 2019
Short summary
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The wavelet transform was employed in nine HILDCAA events for intervals in which the Cluster crossed the magnetotail in order to identify the most energetic periods of these events in the magnetotail. It was seen that 76 % of the periods identified are ≤4 h. Using the cross wavelet analysis technique between Bz–IMF components and the Bx geomagnetic components, it was identified that the coupling of energy is stronger in periods between 2 and 4 h, which are typical substorm periods.
Maurício J. A. Bolzan, Clezio M. Denardini, and Alexandre Tardelli
Ann. Geophys., 36, 937–943, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-937-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-937-2018, 2018
Adriane Marques de Souza, Ezequiel Echer, Mauricio José Alves Bolzan, and Rajkumar Hajra
Ann. Geophys., 36, 205–211, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-205-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-205-2018, 2018
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Cross-wavelet and classical cross-correlation analyses were used in order to study solar-wind–magnetosphere coupling during HILDCAAs. Cross-correlation analyses results show that the coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere during HILDCAAs occurs mainly in the period ≤ 8 h. Classical correlation analysis indicates that the correlation between IMF Bz and AE may be classified as moderate (0.4–0.7) and that more than 80 % of the HILDCAAs exhibit a lag of 20–30 min.
Fernando L. Guarnieri, Bruce T. Tsurutani, Luis E. A. Vieira, Rajkumar Hajra, Ezequiel Echer, Anthony J. Mannucci, and Walter D. Gonzalez
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 25, 67–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-25-67-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-25-67-2018, 2018
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In this work we developed a method to obtain a time series named as AE* which is well correlated with the geomagnetic AE index. In this process, wavelet filtering is applied to interplanetary solar wind data from spacecrafts around the L1 libration point. This geomagnetic indicator AE* can be obtained well before the AE index release in its final form, and it can be used to feed models for geomagnetic effects, such as the relativistic electrons, giving forecasts ~ 1 to 2 days in advance.
Odim Mendes, Margarete Oliveira Domingues, Ezequiel Echer, Rajkumar Hajra, and Varlei Everton Menconi
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 24, 407–417, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-407-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-407-2017, 2017
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The effects of the Sun upon the Earth's atmosphere occur in several ways. Significant electrodynamic coupling processes transfer particles and energy from the solar wind into the Earth's environment. Applied to the dynamical characteristics of high-intensity, long-duration, continuous auroral activity (HILDCAA) and non-HILDCAA events, nonlinear analysis tools like RQA aid to unravel peculiarities related to two concurrent space mechanisms known as magnetic reconnection and viscous interaction.
Ezequiel Echer, Axel Korth, Mauricio José Alves Bolzan, and Reinhard Hans Walter Friedel
Ann. Geophys., 35, 853–868, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-853-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-853-2017, 2017
B. T. Tsurutani, R. Hajra, E. Echer, and J. W. Gjerloev
Ann. Geophys., 33, 519–524, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-519-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-519-2015, 2015
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Particularly intense substorms (SSS), brilliant auroral displays with strong >106A currents in the ionosphere, are studied. It is believed that these SSS events cause power outages during magnetic storms. It is shown that SSS events can occur during all intensity magnetic storms; thus power problems are not necessarily restricted to the rare most intense storms. We show four SSS events that are triggered by solar wind pressure pulses. If this is typical, ~30-minute warnings could be issued.
Related subject area
Subject: Magnetosphere & space plasma physics | Keywords: Storms and substorms
Characteristic features of latitudinal manifestations of the 23–24 April 2023 geomagnetic storm
Probabilistic modelling of substorm occurrences with an echo state network
The record of the magnetic storm on 15 May 1921 in Stará Ďala (present-day Hurbanovo) and its compliance with the global picture of this extreme event
Echo state network model for analyzing solar-wind effects on the AU and AL indices
Polar substorm on 7 December 2015: preonset phenomena and features of auroral breakup
Response of the low- to mid-latitude ionosphere to the geomagnetic storm of September 2017
Influence of the Earth's ring current strength on Størmer's allowed and forbidden regions of charged particle motion
Dynamics of a geomagnetic storm on 7–10 September 2015 as observed by TWINS and simulated by CIMI
Leonid Chernogor
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2024-9, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2024-9, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ANGEO
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Ground-based magnetometer observations show that part of the near-Earth cross-tail current closed itself via the ionosphere, to which it was linked by the substorm current wedge, and manifested itself in the magnetograms acquired at high and equatorial latitude stations on the night side of the Earth. Observations suggest that the Bz interplanetary magnetic field component threshold for the formation of the substorm current wedge lies in the –(22–30) nT interval.
Shin'ya Nakano, Ryuho Kataoka, Masahito Nosé, and Jesper W. Gjerloev
Ann. Geophys., 41, 529–539, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-529-2023, 2023
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Substorms are a phenomenon in the magnetosphere–ionosphere system, which are characterised by brightening of an auroral arc and enhancement of electric currents in the polar ionosphere. Since substorms are difficult to predict, this study treats a substorm occurrence as a stochastic phenomenon and represents the substorm occurrence rate with a machine learning model. We then analyse the response of substorm activity to solar wind conditions by feeding synthetic solar wind data into the model.
Eduard Koči and Fridrich Valach
Ann. Geophys., 41, 355–368, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-355-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-355-2023, 2023
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We dealt with the most intense magnetic storm of the 20th century, which took place on 13–15 May 1921. It was also observed at Stará Ďala (present-day Hurbanovo). However, the record was not complete. We estimated the missing sensitivity scale values and presented the resulting digitized Stará Ďala’s data for 13–15 May 1921. The data were compared with the records from other observatories. The analysis suggests that the auroral oval got close to Stará Ďala in the morning hours on 15 May 1921.
Shin'ya Nakano and Ryuho Kataoka
Ann. Geophys., 40, 11–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-11-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-11-2022, 2022
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The relationships between auroral activity and the solar-wind conditions are modeled with a machine-learning technique. The impact of various solar-wind parameters on the auroral activity is then evaluated by putting artificial inputs into the trained machine-learning model. One of the notable findings is that the solar-wind density effect on the auroral activity is emphasized under high solar-wind speed and weak solar-wind magnetic field.
Vladimir V. Safargaleev, Alexander E. Kozlovsky, and Valery M. Mitrofanov
Ann. Geophys., 38, 901–918, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-901-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-901-2020, 2020
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Comprehensive analysis of a moderate substorm was performed using optical observations inside the auroral oval and in the polar cap, combined with data from satellites, radars, and ground magnetometers. The onset took place near the poleward boundary of the auroral oval that is not typical for classical substorms. The data fit to the near-tail current disruption scenario of the substorm onset. The role of the 15 min oscillations in the IMF Bz component in the substorm initiation is discussed.
Nadia Imtiaz, Waqar Younas, and Majid Khan
Ann. Geophys., 38, 359–372, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-359-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-359-2020, 2020
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We study the impact of the geomagnetic storm of 7–9 September 2017 on the low- to mid-latitude ionosphere. The study is based on the analysis of data from the Global Positioning System (GPS) stations and magnetic observatories located at different longitudinal sectors corresponding to the Pacific, Asia, Africa and the Americas during the period 4–14 September 2017. The GPS data are used to derive the global, regional and vertical total electron content (vTEC) in the four selected regions.
Alexander S. Lavrukhin, Igor I. Alexeev, and Ilya V. Tyutin
Ann. Geophys., 37, 535–547, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-535-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-535-2019, 2019
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This paper concerns the question of whether the maximum Earth ring current strength exists and at which moment the ring current can start to break up, thus making a new mechanism of the ring current decrease during the magnetic storm. We study this effect using the Stormer theory of particle motion. After transition of critical strength, Stormer's inner trapping region opens up and the ring current charged particles get the opportunity to leave it, thus decreasing the current strength.
Joseph D. Perez, James Edmond, Shannon Hill, Hanyun Xu, Natalia Buzulukova, Mei-Ching Fok, Jerry Goldstein, David J. McComas, and Phil Valek
Ann. Geophys., 36, 1439–1456, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1439-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1439-2018, 2018
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Pressure and anisotropy profiles from trapped ions in the ring current as observed from energetic neutral atom images are compared to numerical simulations for the first time. The results show evidence for short time and spatially localized injections from the plasma sheet.
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Short summary
We used up-to-date substorms, HILDCAAs and geomagnetic storms of varying intensity along with all available geomagnetic indices during the space exploration era to explore the seasonal features of the geomagnetic activity and their drivers. As substorms, HILDCAAs and magnetic storms of varying intensity have varying solar/interplanetary drivers, such a study is important for acomplete understanding of the seasonal features of the geomagnetic response to the solar/interplanetary events.
We used up-to-date substorms, HILDCAAs and geomagnetic storms of varying intensity along with...
