Articles | Volume 39, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-743-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-743-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular paper
| 
20 Aug 2021
Regular paper |
| 20 Aug 2021
| 20 Aug 2021
Climatology of ionosphere over Nepal based on GPS total electron content data from 2008 to 2018
Drabindra Pandit
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Central Department of Physics, IOST, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
Department of Physics, St. Xavier's College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal
Basudev Ghimire
Central Department of Physics, IOST, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
Department of Physics, St. Xavier's College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal
Christine Amory-Mazaudier
Sorbonne Université, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de
Paris, Université Paris Saclay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire
de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), 75005 Paris, France
T/ICT4D, Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste, Italy
Rolland Fleury
Lab-STICC, UMR 6285, Institut Mines-Télécom Atlantique, Brest, France
Narayan Prasad Chapagain
Department of Physics, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Thamel, Kathmandu, Nepal
Binod Adhikari
Department of Physics, St. Xavier's College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal
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EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-86, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-86, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The comprehensive analysis of the geomagnetic storms from March 23–25, April 23–25, November 4–6, 2023, and May 10–13, 2024, reveals that solar wind parameters, geomagnetic activity, JH, and PPEFs significantly influence ionospheric TEC variations, EIA crest formations, and post-sunset plasma irregularities. The storms highlighted the importance of inter-hemispheric asymmetries in JH, which affected the distribution and magnitude of ionospheric disturbances.
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Short summary
We analyse the climatology of the ionosphere over Nepal based on GPS-derived vertical total electron content (VTEC) during 2008–2018. The study illustrates the diurnal, monthly, annual, seasonal and solar cycle variations in VTEC. The results show equinoctial asymmetry in TEC in maximum phases in 2014, followed by descending, ascending and minimum phases. The winter anomalies are seen during increasing and maximum phases of the solar cycle (2011–2014) from almost all stations considered.
We analyse the climatology of the ionosphere over Nepal based on GPS-derived vertical total...
