Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 39, issue 4
Articles | Volume 39, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-743-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-743-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 39, issue 4
Regular paper
 | 
20 Aug 2021
Regular paper |  | 20 Aug 2021

Climatology of ionosphere over Nepal based on GPS total electron content data from 2008 to 2018

Drabindra Pandit, Basudev Ghimire, Christine Amory-Mazaudier, Rolland Fleury, Narayan Prasad Chapagain, and Binod Adhikari

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Latest update: 30 Oct 2025
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Short summary
We analyse the climatology of the ionosphere over Nepal based on GPS-derived vertical total electron content (VTEC) during 2008–2018. The study illustrates the diurnal, monthly, annual, seasonal and solar cycle variations in VTEC. The results show equinoctial asymmetry in TEC in maximum phases in 2014, followed by descending, ascending and minimum phases. The winter anomalies are seen during increasing and maximum phases of the solar cycle (2011–2014) from almost all stations considered.
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