Articles | Volume 39, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-487-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-487-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Regular paper
| 
10 Jun 2021
Regular paper |
| 10 Jun 2021
| 10 Jun 2021
Winds and tides of the Extended Unified Model in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere validated with meteor radar observations
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
Shaun M. Dempsey
Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
David R. Jackson
Met Office, Fitzroy Rd, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Tracy Moffat-Griffin
British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
Nicholas J. Mitchell
Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
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Neil P. Hindley, Nicholas J. Mitchell, Neil Cobbett, Anne K. Smith, Dave C. Fritts, Diego Janches, Corwin J. Wright, and Tracy Moffat-Griffin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9435–9459, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9435-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9435-2022, 2022
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We present observations of winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) from a recently installed meteor radar on the remote island of South Georgia (54° S, 36° W). We characterise mean winds, tides, planetary waves, and gravity waves in the MLT at this location and compare our measured winds with a leading climate model. We find that the observed wintertime winds are unexpectedly reversed from model predictions, probably because of missing impacts of secondary gravity waves in the model.
Matthew J. Griffith and Nicholas J. Mitchell
Ann. Geophys., 40, 327–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-327-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-327-2022, 2022
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There is great scientific interest in extending atmospheric models, such as the Met Office’s Unified Model, upwards to include the upper atmosphere. Atmospheric tides are an important driver of circulation at these greater heights. This study provides a first in-depth analysis of the migrating and non-migrating components of these tides, examining important tidal properties. Our results show that the ExUM produces a rich spectrum of spatial components, with significant non-migrating components.
Phoebe Noble, Neil Hindley, Corwin Wright, Chihoko Cullens, Scott England, Nicholas Pedatella, Nicholas Mitchell, and Tracy Moffat-Griffin
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-150, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
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Neil P. Hindley, Corwin J. Wright, Alan M. Gadian, Lars Hoffmann, John K. Hughes, David R. Jackson, John C. King, Nicholas J. Mitchell, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, Andrew C. Moss, Simon B. Vosper, and Andrew N. Ross
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Gunter Stober, Diego Janches, Vivien Matthias, Dave Fritts, John Marino, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, Kathrin Baumgarten, Wonseok Lee, Damian Murphy, Yong Ha Kim, Nicholas Mitchell, and Scott Palo
Ann. Geophys., 39, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-1-2021, 2021
Andrew Orr, J. Scott Hosking, Aymeric Delon, Lars Hoffmann, Reinhold Spang, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, James Keeble, Nathan Luke Abraham, and Peter Braesicke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12483–12497, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12483-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12483-2020, 2020
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Neil P. Hindley, Corwin J. Wright, Nathan D. Smith, Lars Hoffmann, Laura A. Holt, M. Joan Alexander, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, and Nicholas J. Mitchell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15377–15414, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15377-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15377-2019, 2019
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Corwin J. Wright, Neil P. Hindley, Lars Hoffmann, M. Joan Alexander, and Nicholas J. Mitchell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8553–8575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8553-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8553-2017, 2017
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Masatomo Fujiwara, Jonathon S. Wright, Gloria L. Manney, Lesley J. Gray, James Anstey, Thomas Birner, Sean Davis, Edwin P. Gerber, V. Lynn Harvey, Michaela I. Hegglin, Cameron R. Homeyer, John A. Knox, Kirstin Krüger, Alyn Lambert, Craig S. Long, Patrick Martineau, Andrea Molod, Beatriz M. Monge-Sanz, Michelle L. Santee, Susann Tegtmeier, Simon Chabrillat, David G. H. Tan, David R. Jackson, Saroja Polavarapu, Gilbert P. Compo, Rossana Dragani, Wesley Ebisuzaki, Yayoi Harada, Chiaki Kobayashi, Will McCarty, Kazutoshi Onogi, Steven Pawson, Adrian Simmons, Krzysztof Wargan, Jeffrey S. Whitaker, and Cheng-Zhi Zou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1417–1452, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1417-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1417-2017, 2017
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We introduce the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP), review key concepts and elements of atmospheric reanalysis systems, and summarize the technical details of and differences among 11 of these systems. This work supports scientific studies and intercomparisons of reanalysis products by collecting these background materials and technical details into a single reference. We also address several common misunderstandings and points of confusion regarding reanalyses.
David A. Newnham, George P. Ford, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, and Hugh C. Pumphrey
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 3309–3323, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3309-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3309-2016, 2016
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We demonstrate the feasibility of measuring polar atmospheric winds over the altitude range 23–97 km using ground-based millimetre-wave Doppler radiometry. Atmospheric and instrument simulations were carried out for Halley station, Antarctica. This remote sensing technique will provide continuous horizontal wind observations in the stratosphere and mesosphere where measurements are currently very limited. The data are needed for meteorological analyses and atmospheric modelling applications.
Neil P. Hindley, Nathan D. Smith, Corwin J. Wright, D. Andrew S. Rees, and Nicholas J. Mitchell
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2545–2565, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2545-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2545-2016, 2016
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Gravity waves are medium-sized momentum-carrying atmospheric waves that nearly all weather and climate models struggle to represent. Thus, the accurate global measurement of gravity-wave properties in the real atmosphere is of key importance. Here we use a new two-dimensional Stockwell transform (2-DST) method to measure key GW properties in 2-D satellite data. We show that our 2-DST approach greatly improves upon current methods, particularly if a new elliptical spectral window is used.
Corwin J. Wright, Neil P. Hindley, Andrew C. Moss, and Nicholas J. Mitchell
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 877–908, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-877-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-877-2016, 2016
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Seven gravity-wave-resolving instruments (satellites, radiosondes and a meteor radar) are used to compare gravity-wave energy and vertical wavelength over the Southern Andes hotspot. Several conclusions are drawn, including that limb sounders and the radar show strong positive correlations. Radiosondes and AIRS weakly anticorrelate with other instruments and we see strong correlations with local stratospheric winds. Short-timescale variability is larger than the seasonal cycle.
Andrew C. Moss, Corwin J. Wright, Robin N. Davis, and Nicholas J. Mitchell
Ann. Geophys., 34, 323–330, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-323-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-323-2016, 2016
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Gravity waves are fundamental to the dynamics of the mesosphere. In some years very strong winds are observed in the first phase of the MSAO. It has been proposed that this is due to filtering of ascending gravity waves. We report the first gravity-wave momentum flux observations from the Ascension Island (8° S, 14° W) meteor radar and show that anomalous fluxes were observed during one such event in 2002. Analysis of the underlying winds suggests the wave-filtering hypothesis is not valid.
H. Iimura, D. C. Fritts, D. Janches, W. Singer, and N. J. Mitchell
Ann. Geophys., 33, 1349–1359, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-1349-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-1349-2015, 2015
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The quasi-5-day wave at mid- and high-latitudes in the mesosphere and lower-thermosphere was compared between the hemispheres using meteor radar horizontal wind measurements, spanning June 2010 to December 2012. Variances of the quasi-5-day wave showed a wave activity from July to August in both hemispheres and in April 2012 in the Northern Hemisphere and November 2012 in the Southern Hemisphere with unique characteristics at each site.
N. P. Hindley, C. J. Wright, N. D. Smith, and N. J. Mitchell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7797–7818, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7797-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7797-2015, 2015
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In nearly all GCMs, unresolved gravity wave (GW) drag may cause the southern stratospheric winter polar vortex to break down too late. Here, we characterise GWs in this region of the atmosphere using GPS radio occultation. We find GWs may propagate into the region from other latitudes. We develop a new quantitative wave identification method to learn about regional wave populations. We also find intense GW momentum fluxes over the southern Andes and Antarctic Peninsula GW hot spot.
N. J. Mayne, I. Baraffe, D. M. Acreman, C. Smith, N. Wood, D. S. Amundsen, J. Thuburn, and D. R. Jackson
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 3059–3087, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-3059-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-3059-2014, 2014
R. N. Davis, J. Du, A. K. Smith, W. E. Ward, and N. J. Mitchell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9543–9564, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9543-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9543-2013, 2013
K. A. Day and N. J. Mitchell
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Related subject area
Subject: Terrestrial atmosphere and its relation to the sun | Keywords: Modelling of the atmosphere
Atmospheric odd nitrogen response to electron forcing from a 6D magnetospheric hybrid-kinetic simulation
Analysis of migrating and non-migrating tides of the Extended Unified Model in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
Observing geometry effects on a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based water vapor tomography solved by least squares and by compressive sensing
Propagation to the upper atmosphere of acoustic-gravity waves from atmospheric fronts in the Moscow region
Sensitivity of GNSS tropospheric gradients to processing options
Comparisons between the WRF data assimilation and the GNSS tomography technique in retrieving 3-D wet refractivity fields in Hong Kong
An empirical model of the thermospheric mass density derived from CHAMP satellite
Tuomas Häkkilä, Maxime Grandin, Markus Battarbee, Monika E. Szeląg, Markku Alho, Leo Kotipalo, Niilo Kalakoski, Pekka T. Verronen, and Minna Palmroth
Ann. Geophys., 43, 217–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-217-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-217-2025, 2025
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We study the atmospheric impact of auroral electron precipitation through the novel combination of both magnetospheric modelling and atmospheric modelling. We first simulate fluxes of auroral electrons and then use these fluxes to model their atmospheric impact. We find an increase of more than 200 % in thermospheric odd nitrogen and a corresponding decrease in stratospheric ozone of around 0.8 %. The produced auroral electron precipitation is realistic and shows potential for future studies.
Matthew J. Griffith and Nicholas J. Mitchell
Ann. Geophys., 40, 327–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-327-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-327-2022, 2022
Short summary
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There is great scientific interest in extending atmospheric models, such as the Met Office’s Unified Model, upwards to include the upper atmosphere. Atmospheric tides are an important driver of circulation at these greater heights. This study provides a first in-depth analysis of the migrating and non-migrating components of these tides, examining important tidal properties. Our results show that the ExUM produces a rich spectrum of spatial components, with significant non-migrating components.
Marion Heublein, Patrick Erik Bradley, and Stefan Hinz
Ann. Geophys., 38, 179–189, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-179-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-179-2020, 2020
Yuliya Kurdyaeva, Sergey Kulichkov, Sergey Kshevetskii, Olga Borchevkina, and Elena Golikova
Ann. Geophys., 37, 447–454, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-447-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-447-2019, 2019
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To simulate the vertical propagation of atmospheric waves, experimental data on pressure variations at the Earth's surface are used. These data are associated with the meteorological source. The simulation results have allowed for the first time estimates of the amplitudes of temperature wave disturbances in the upper atmosphere caused by waves from the atmospheric front. The simulations have been performed using the Lomonosov supercomputer.
Michal Kačmařík, Jan Douša, Florian Zus, Pavel Václavovic, Kyriakos Balidakis, Galina Dick, and Jens Wickert
Ann. Geophys., 37, 429–446, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-429-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-429-2019, 2019
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We provide an analysis of processing setting impacts on tropospheric gradients estimated from GNSS observation processing. These tropospheric gradients are related to water vapour distribution in the troposphere and therefore can be helpful in meteorological applications.
Zhaohui Xiong, Bao Zhang, and Yibin Yao
Ann. Geophys., 37, 25–36, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-25-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-25-2019, 2019
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A comparison between the GNSS tomography technique and WRFDA in retrieving wet refractivity (WR) is conducted in HK during a wet period and a dry period. The results show that both of them can retrieve good WR. In most of the cases, the WRFDA output outperforms the tomographic WR, but the tomographic WR is better than the WRFDA output in the lower troposphere in the dry period. By assimilating better tomographic WR in the lower troposphere into the WRFDA, we slightly improve the retrieved WR.
Chao Xiong, Hermann Lühr, Michael Schmidt, Mathis Bloßfeld, and Sergei Rudenko
Ann. Geophys., 36, 1141–1152, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1141-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1141-2018, 2018
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Short summary
There is great scientific interest in extending atmospheric models upwards to include the upper atmosphere. The Met Office’s Unified Model has recently been successfully extended to include this region. Atmospheric tides are an important driver of atmospheric motion at these greater heights. This paper provides a first comparison of winds and tides produced by the new extended model with meteor radar observations, comparing key tidal properties and discussing their similarities and differences.
There is great scientific interest in extending atmospheric models upwards to include the upper...
