Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 38, issue 5
Articles | Volume 38, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-983-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-983-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 38, issue 5
Regular paper
 | 
15 Sep 2020
Regular paper |  | 15 Sep 2020

Induced currents due to 3D ground conductivity play a major role in the interpretation of geomagnetic variations

Liisa Juusola, Heikki Vanhamäki, Ari Viljanen, and Maxim Smirnov

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-983-2020-supplement

Data sets

International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects IMAGE https://space.fmi.fi/image

Crustal conductivity in Fennoscandia – a compilation of a database on crustal conductance in the Fennoscandian Shield (https://www.ics-c.epos-eu.org/data/search) T. Korja, M. Engels, A. A. Zhamaletdinov, A. A. Kovtun, N. A. Palshin, M. Y. Smirnov, A. D. Tokarev, V. E. Asming, L. L. Vanyan, I. L. Vardaniants, and the BEAR Working Group https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03353044

Model code and software

Apex Python library C. van der Meeren and A. G. Burrell https://apexpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

PyWavelets/pywt: PyWavelets 1.1.1 (Version v1.1.1) G. R. Lee, R. Gommers, K. Wohlfahrt, F. Wasilewski, A. O'Leary, H. Nahrstaedt, D. Menéndez Hurtado, A. Sauvé, T. Arildsen, H. Oliveira, D. M. Pelt, A. Agrawal, SylvainLan, M. Pelletier, M. Brett, F. Yu, S. Choudhary, D. Tricoli, L. M. Craig, L. Ravindranathan, J. Dan, jakirkham, J. Antonello, D. Laszuk, D. Goertzen, C. Goldberg, B. Reczey, 0-tree, A. Smith, and asnt https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510098

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Short summary
Rapid variations of the magnetic field measured on the ground can be used to estimate space weather risks to power grids, but forecasting the variations remains a challenge. We show that part of this problem stems from the fact that, in addition to electric currents in space, the magnetic field variations are strongly affected by underground electric currents. We suggest that separating the measured field into its space and underground parts could improve our understanding of space weather.
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