Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 38, issue 3
Articles | Volume 38, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-645-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-645-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 38, issue 3
Regular paper
 | 
03 Jun 2020
Regular paper |  | 03 Jun 2020

The fate of O+ ions observed in the plasma mantle: particle tracing modelling and cluster observations

Audrey Schillings, Herbert Gunell, Hans Nilsson, Alexandre De Spiegeleer, Yusuke Ebihara, Lars G. Westerberg, Masatoshi Yamauchi, and Rikard Slapak

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Interactive discussion

Status: closed
Status: closed
AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment
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Peer-review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision
ED: Publish subject to revisions (further review by editor and referees) (11 Mar 2020) by Christopher Mouikis
AR by Audrey Schillings on behalf of the Authors (12 Mar 2020)  Author's response   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (13 Mar 2020) by Christopher Mouikis
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (06 Apr 2020)
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (09 Apr 2020)
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (20 Apr 2020) by Christopher Mouikis
AR by Audrey Schillings on behalf of the Authors (07 May 2020)  Author's response   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (07 May 2020) by Christopher Mouikis
AR by Audrey Schillings on behalf of the Authors (08 May 2020)
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Short summary
The Earth's atmosphere is constantly losing molecules and charged particles, amongst them oxygen ions or O+. Quantifying this loss provides information about the evolution of the atmosphere on geological timescales. In this study, we investigate the final destination of O+ observed with Cluster satellites in a high-altitude magnetospheric region (plasma mantle) by tracing the particles forward in time using simulations. We find that approximately 98 % of O+ escapes the Earth's magnetosphere.
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