Articles | Volume 38, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-359-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-359-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Response of the low- to mid-latitude ionosphere to the geomagnetic storm of September 2017
Theoretical Physics Division, PINSTECH, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
Waqar Younas
Department of Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Majid Khan
Department of Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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- Multi‐Instrument Investigation of the Impact of the Space Weather Events of 6–10 September 2017 P. Amaechi et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002806
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- Spectral content of fluctuations in the geomagnetic field during the course of March 21–23, 2017 geospace storms L. Chernogor et al. https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2022-36-03
- Magneto-ionospheric effects from geospace storm of March 21—23, 2017 Y. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.15407/kfnt2022.04.053
- On the Global Kinematic Positioning Variations During the September 2017 Solar Flare Events W. Nie et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA030245
- Latitudinal variation of ionospheric storm effects on March 22–24, 2024 geomagnetic storm over the African Sector D. Terefe et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.06.047
- Magneto-Ionospheric Effects of the Geospace Storm of March 21–23, 2017 Y. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591322040055
- Total Electron Content Variability in Response to Solar Flares and a Geomagnetic Storm Over East Africa during May 8–15, 2024 . Lamessa Tamasgen Mogasa & . Dejene Ambisa Terefe https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793225600237
- Investigation of the negative ionospheric response of the 8 September 2017 geomagnetic storm over the European sector C. Oikonomou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.05.035
- Recurrent Magnetic Storms of January 2–8, 2015 L. Chernogor & Y. Luo https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591326010022
- High and mid latitude and near subsolar point ionospheric and thermospheric responses to the solar flares and geomagnetic storms during low solar activity periods of 2017 and 2020 D. Sur et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.04.024
- Data-Driven Modeling of Storm-Time Total Electron Content Using the Random Forest and Deep Learning Methods S. Shi et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3614360
- Ionosphere response to geospace storm on 25 September 2016 over Kharkiv (Ukraine) L. Emelyanov et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.02.004
- Storm-time hourly morphologies of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crests along 110–125°E meridian during 2013 St Patrick’s Day geomagnetic storm A. Akala et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.11.068
- Latitudinal and longitudinal variability of ionospheric TEC responses to the severe geomagnetic storm of May 10-11, 2024 N. Dubey et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106767
- Ionospheric Response to Recent Strong Geomagnetic Storm at Low, Mid, and High Latitudes Using GPS-TEC Observations . Devbrat Pundhir https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793225600304
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- Ionospheric storm due to solar Coronal mass ejection in September 2017 over the Brazilian and African longitudes P. Fagundes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.07.040
- Response of the Equatorial Ionosphere over the South American Region to 8 September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm J. Fashae https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793223600844
- Effects of local time on the variations of the total electron contents at an American and Asian longitudes and their comparison with IRI-2016, IRI-Plas2017 and NeQuick-2 models during solar cycle 24 Y. Kayode et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106271
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- Dynamical Complexity Response in Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Across Eastern Africa Sector During Geomagnetic Storms Using Neural Network Entropy I. Oludehinwa et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030630
- Characteristics of Low-Latitude Ionosphere Activity and Deterioration of TEC Model during the 7–9 September 2017 Magnetic Storm J. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091365
- Ionospheric Response at Conjugate Locations During the 7–8 September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm Over the Europe‐African Longitude Sector J. Habarulema et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028307
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- Signatures of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Ionospheric Scintillations from Magnetometer and GNSS Observations in the Indian Longitudes during the Space Weather Events of Early September 2017 R. Vankadara et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030652
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- Hemispheric Asymmetries in the Mid‐latitude Ionosphere During the September 7–8, 2017 Storm: Multi‐instrument Observations Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028829
- Characteristic features of the magnetic and ionospheric storms of December 21—24, 2016 Y. Luo & L. Chernogor https://doi.org/10.15407/kfnt2022.05.051
- Low-Latitude Ionospheric Anomalies During Geomagnetic Storm on 10–12 October 2024 P. Mukhtarov & R. Bojilova https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11090295
- The Spectrum of Global Electron Content: A New Potential Indicator of Space Weather Activity J. Aroca-Farrerons et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020393
- The Effects of the Geomagnetic Storm of October 2024 on the African Ionosphere L. Mogasa https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20261301.13
- Investigating ionospheric TEC variations in solar and geomagnetic influences across solar activity phases Z. Hassan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.02.030
- Total electron content prediction using singular spectrum analysis and autoregressive moving average approach J. Dabbakuti et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-021-04036-z
44 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Anomaly effects of 6–10 September 2017 solar flares on ionospheric total electron content over Saudi Arabian low latitudes K. Reddybattula et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.07.045
- Characteristic Features of the Magnetic and Ionospheric Storms on December 21–24, 2016 Y. Luo & L. Chernogor https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591322050051
- Ionospheric disturbances in the African low-latitude region during the space weather event of September 2017 T. Dugassa & V. Habyarimana https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-025-04407-w
- Electrodynamics of the Earth’s Magnetosphere at High Latitudes: Geomagnetic Storm Case’s of June 22/23, 2015 I. Gnanou et al. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2025.1512249
- Multi‐Instrument Investigation of the Impact of the Space Weather Events of 6–10 September 2017 P. Amaechi et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002806
- Ionospheric disturbances in a large area of the terrestrial globe by two strong solar flares of September 6, 2017, the strongest space weather events in the last decade P. Fagundes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.06.032
- Spectral content of fluctuations in the geomagnetic field during the course of March 21–23, 2017 geospace storms L. Chernogor et al. https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2022-36-03
- Magneto-ionospheric effects from geospace storm of March 21—23, 2017 Y. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.15407/kfnt2022.04.053
- On the Global Kinematic Positioning Variations During the September 2017 Solar Flare Events W. Nie et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA030245
- Latitudinal variation of ionospheric storm effects on March 22–24, 2024 geomagnetic storm over the African Sector D. Terefe et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.06.047
- Magneto-Ionospheric Effects of the Geospace Storm of March 21–23, 2017 Y. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591322040055
- Total Electron Content Variability in Response to Solar Flares and a Geomagnetic Storm Over East Africa during May 8–15, 2024 . Lamessa Tamasgen Mogasa & . Dejene Ambisa Terefe https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793225600237
- Investigation of the negative ionospheric response of the 8 September 2017 geomagnetic storm over the European sector C. Oikonomou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.05.035
- Recurrent Magnetic Storms of January 2–8, 2015 L. Chernogor & Y. Luo https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591326010022
- High and mid latitude and near subsolar point ionospheric and thermospheric responses to the solar flares and geomagnetic storms during low solar activity periods of 2017 and 2020 D. Sur et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.04.024
- Data-Driven Modeling of Storm-Time Total Electron Content Using the Random Forest and Deep Learning Methods S. Shi et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3614360
- Ionosphere response to geospace storm on 25 September 2016 over Kharkiv (Ukraine) L. Emelyanov et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.02.004
- Storm-time hourly morphologies of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crests along 110–125°E meridian during 2013 St Patrick’s Day geomagnetic storm A. Akala et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.11.068
- Latitudinal and longitudinal variability of ionospheric TEC responses to the severe geomagnetic storm of May 10-11, 2024 N. Dubey et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106767
- Ionospheric Response to Recent Strong Geomagnetic Storm at Low, Mid, and High Latitudes Using GPS-TEC Observations . Devbrat Pundhir https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793225600304
- Ensemble Machine Learning of Random Forest, AdaBoost and XGBoost for Vertical Total Electron Content Forecasting R. Natras et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153547
- Uncertainty Quantification for Machine Learning‐Based Ionosphere and Space Weather Forecasting: Ensemble, Bayesian Neural Network, and Quantile Gradient Boosting R. Natras et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003483
- Global Response of Vertical Total Electron Content to Mother’s Day G5 Geomagnetic Storm of May 2024: Insights from IGS and GIM Observations S. Pal et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050529
- Ionospheric storm due to solar Coronal mass ejection in September 2017 over the Brazilian and African longitudes P. Fagundes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.07.040
- Response of the Equatorial Ionosphere over the South American Region to 8 September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm J. Fashae https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793223600844
- Effects of local time on the variations of the total electron contents at an American and Asian longitudes and their comparison with IRI-2016, IRI-Plas2017 and NeQuick-2 models during solar cycle 24 Y. Kayode et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106271
- Impact of ICME- and SIR/CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storms on the Ionosphere over Hungary K. Berényi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14091377
- Global ionospheric electron density variations observed by F7/C2 and $\Sigma \mathrm{O}/\mathrm{N}_{2}$ ratios measured by GUVI during intense geomagnetic storms in solar cycle 25 J. Khan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-026-04559-3
- Analysis of Ionospheric Disturbances in China During the December 2023 Geomagnetic Storm Using Multi-Instrument Data J. Tang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17091629
- A double power-law memory kernel for magnetic fluctuations in the magnetosphere–ionosphere system observed close to the geomagnetic equator V. Samboni-Beltrán et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2025.130502
- Dynamical Complexity Response in Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Across Eastern Africa Sector During Geomagnetic Storms Using Neural Network Entropy I. Oludehinwa et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030630
- Characteristics of Low-Latitude Ionosphere Activity and Deterioration of TEC Model during the 7–9 September 2017 Magnetic Storm J. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091365
- Ionospheric Response at Conjugate Locations During the 7–8 September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm Over the Europe‐African Longitude Sector J. Habarulema et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028307
- Impact of the intense geomagnetic storm of August 2018 on the equatorial and low latitude ionosphere N. Imtiaz et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-021-04009-2
- Signatures of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Ionospheric Scintillations from Magnetometer and GNSS Observations in the Indian Longitudes during the Space Weather Events of Early September 2017 R. Vankadara et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030652
- Recurrent magnetic storms of January 2—8, 2015 L. Chernogor & Y. Luo https://doi.org/10.15407/kfnt2026.01.016
- Ionospheric total electron content response to September-2017 geomagnetic storm and December-2019 annular solar eclipse over Sri Lankan region R. Jenan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.01.006
- Hemispheric Asymmetries in the Mid‐latitude Ionosphere During the September 7–8, 2017 Storm: Multi‐instrument Observations Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028829
- Characteristic features of the magnetic and ionospheric storms of December 21—24, 2016 Y. Luo & L. Chernogor https://doi.org/10.15407/kfnt2022.05.051
- Low-Latitude Ionospheric Anomalies During Geomagnetic Storm on 10–12 October 2024 P. Mukhtarov & R. Bojilova https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11090295
- The Spectrum of Global Electron Content: A New Potential Indicator of Space Weather Activity J. Aroca-Farrerons et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020393
- The Effects of the Geomagnetic Storm of October 2024 on the African Ionosphere L. Mogasa https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20261301.13
- Investigating ionospheric TEC variations in solar and geomagnetic influences across solar activity phases Z. Hassan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.02.030
- Total electron content prediction using singular spectrum analysis and autoregressive moving average approach J. Dabbakuti et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-021-04036-z
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
We study the impact of the geomagnetic storm of 7–9 September 2017 on the low- to mid-latitude ionosphere. The study is based on the analysis of data from the Global Positioning System (GPS) stations and magnetic observatories located at different longitudinal sectors corresponding to the Pacific, Asia, Africa and the Americas during the period 4–14 September 2017. The GPS data are used to derive the global, regional and vertical total electron content (vTEC) in the four selected regions.
We study the impact of the geomagnetic storm of 7–9 September 2017 on the low- to mid-latitude...