Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 38, issue 6
Articles | Volume 38, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-1299-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-1299-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 38, issue 6
Regular paper
 | 
22 Dec 2020
Regular paper |  | 22 Dec 2020

Odd hydrogen response thresholds for indication of solar proton and electron impact in the mesosphere and stratosphere

Tuomas Häkkilä, Pekka T. Verronen, Luis Millán, Monika E. Szeląg, Niilo Kalakoski, and Antti Kero

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Latest update: 24 Oct 2025
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Short summary
The atmospheric impacts of energetic particle precipitation (EPP) can be useful in understanding the uncertainties of measuring the precipitation. Hence, information on how strong of an EPP flux has observable atmospheric impacts is needed. In this study, we find such threshold flux values using odd hydrogen concentrations from both satellite observations and model simulations. We consider the effects of solar proton events and radiation belt electron precipitation in the middle atmosphere.
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