The MLE and ApEn values of the D_st indicate that chaotic and dynamical complexity responses are high during minor geomagnetic storms, reduce at moderate geomagnetic storms and decline further during major geomagnetic storms. However, the MLE and ApEn values obtained from solar wind electric field (VB_s) indicate that chaotic and dynamical complexity responses are high with no significant difference between the periods that are associated with minor, moderate and major geomagnetic storms.

The study examined the diurnal and seasonal variations in total electron content (TEC) over Nigeria. The derived GPS TEC across all the stations demonstrated consistent minimum diurnal variations during the pre-sunrise hours, increased with a sharp gradient during the sunrise period, attained a postnoon maximum at about 14:00 LT, and then fell to a minimum just before sunset. The seasonal variation depicted a semi-annual distribution with higher values around equinoxes than solstices.

Movement of plasma to higher latitudes by EIA is known to relate to eastward electric field/EEJ and thermospheric meridional neutral wind. Experiments from GPS measurements that unveil thermospheric meridional neutral wind effect on plasma transportation in the F region are very few compared with electric field/EEJ. This work includes examples of thermospheric meridional neutral wind effects on GPS TEC measurements and their roles in transportation of plasma compared to electric field/EEJ.