Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 34, issue 11
Articles | Volume 34, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-999-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-999-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Articles | Volume 34, issue 11
Regular paper
 | 
14 Nov 2016
Regular paper |  | 14 Nov 2016

Ionospheric tomography by gradient-enhanced kriging with STEC measurements and ionosonde characteristics

David Minkwitz, Karl Gerald van den Boogaart, Tatjana Gerzen, Mainul Hoque, and Manuel Hernández-Pajares

Viewed

Total article views: 1,766 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total BibTeX EndNote
970 643 153 1,766 73 65
  • HTML: 970
  • PDF: 643
  • XML: 153
  • Total: 1,766
  • BibTeX: 73
  • EndNote: 65
Views and downloads (calculated since 14 Nov 2016)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 14 Nov 2016)

Cited

Latest update: 20 Nov 2024
Download
Short summary
We extend the kriging of the ionospheric electron density with slant total electron content (STEC) measurements based on a spatial covariance to kriging with a spatial–temporal covariance and develop a novel tomography approach by gradient-enhanced kriging assimilating STEC and F2 layer characteristics. The methods are cross-validated with independent measurements and point out the potential compensation for the often observed bias in the estimation of the F2 layer peak height.
Read more