Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 44, issue 2
Articles | Volume 44, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-921-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-921-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 44, issue 2
Regular paper
 | 
15 Sep 2026
Regular paper |  | 15 Sep 2026

Non-Maxwellian electron distributions in the D region during artificial heating – Part 1: Model development and electron temperature

Margaretha Myrvang and Björn Gustavsson

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Short summary
This paper investigate how radio wave heating affect the electron distribution in the D region. Radio wave heating can lead to absorption of radio wave energy by electrons, thereby increasing the temperature. Electrons are cooled by inelastic collisions with the neutrals atmosphere, affecting the electron distribution since electrons lose energy by exciting different states in neutrals. Thus, electrons are redistributed to lower energies, which changes the shape of the electron distribution.
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