Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 44, issue 1
Articles | Volume 44, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-489-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-489-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 44, issue 1
Regular paper
 | 
23 Jun 2026
Regular paper |  | 23 Jun 2026

Equatorial ionospheric plasma bubbles during intense geomagnetic storms of Solar Cycle 25

Nadia Imtiaz, Andres Calabia, Chukwuma Anoruo, Aqsa Zahid, Christine Amory-Mazaudier, and Binod Adhikari

Viewed

Total article views: 14,373 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total Supplement BibTeX EndNote
9,858 4,164 351 14,373 1,277 390 507
  • HTML: 9,858
  • PDF: 4,164
  • XML: 351
  • Total: 14,373
  • Supplement: 1,277
  • BibTeX: 390
  • EndNote: 507
Views and downloads (calculated since 30 Jan 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 30 Jan 2025)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 14,373 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 14,187 with geography defined and 186 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 

Cited

Saved (final revised paper)

Latest update: 22 Sep 2026
Download
Short summary
Comprehensive analysis of geomagnetic storms from 23–25 March, 23–25 April, 4–6 November 2023, and  10–13 May 2024, reveals that solar wind parameters, geomagnetic activity, Joule heating, and Prompt Penetration Electric Fields significantly influence ionospheric Total Electron Content variations, Equatorial Ionization Anomaly crest formations, and post-sunset plasma irregularities. The storms highlighted the importance of inter-hemispheric asymmetries in Joule Heating, which affected the distribution and magnitude of ionospheric disturbances.
Read more
Share