Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-783-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-783-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
Regular paper
 | 
09 Dec 2025
Regular paper |  | 09 Dec 2025

Transport coefficients in modified Kappa distributed plasmas

Mahmood J. Jwailes, Imad A. Barghouthi, and Qusay S. Atawnah

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Short summary
Space plasmas often deviate from the usual thermal pattern assumed in standard models. Using the modified Kappa distribution, we derived how this non-standard energy spread alters electrical flow, heat transfer, and particle motion. We found that stronger deviations increase collision rates and weaken transport coefficients, while normal behaviour returns in the thermal limit, improving our insight into space environments.
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