This study explored electric forces near a auroral arc during a rocket experiment in northern Sweden. A rocket released glowing clouds high above Earth, and we tracked their motion as an aurora passed through them. By reconstructing their motion in three dimensions, we estimated the magnitude and direction of the surrounding electric field. We found that the field changed direction and became weaker near the arc, revealing the structure of electric currents correspond to auroral activity.

The Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms mission studies how the solar wind interacts with Earth’s magnetic field using five rotating spacecraft. After one spacecraft lost its measurements along its rotation axis, we used the two remaining magnetometer components with the spacecraft's spin to reconstruct the missing component with lower time resolution. A comparison with earlier data, when all components were available, shows that reconstruction is possible.

During the New Year’s Day storm of 2025, we observed rare auroral features: thin, short-lived green stripes and a “picket fence” near the poleward edge of the auroral oval. Using ground cameras and satellites, we found that the stripes sometimes appeared at widely separated longitudes at the same time and often tracked the motion of nearby red auroras. Some stripes were aligned with the magnetic field, while others were not, implying that multiple local processes contribute to their generation.

Our research explores the shock aurora, which is typically observed on the dayside due to the rapid compression of the Earth's magnetic field. We observed this rare aurora on the nightside, a region where such events are difficult to detect. Using ground-based cameras, we identified new features, including leaping and vortex-like patterns. These findings offer a fresh insight into the interactions between the solar wind and the magnetosphere, enhancing our understanding of space weather and its effects.

Several tons of meteoric particles burn up in our atmosphere each day. This deposits a great deal of material that binds with other atmospheric particles and forms so-called meteoric smoke particles. These particles are assumed to influence radar measurements. Here, we have compared radar measurements with simulations of a radar spectrum with and without dust particles and found that dust influences the radar spectrum in the altitude range of 75–85 km.