Articles | Volume 42, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-42-17-2024
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-42-17-2024
Regular paper
 | 
06 Feb 2024
Regular paper |  | 06 Feb 2024

Estimating gradients of physical fields in space

Yufei Zhou and Chao Shen

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Subject: Magnetosphere & space plasma physics | Keywords: Instruments and techniques
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Cited articles

Angelopoulos, V.: The THEMIS Mission, Space Sci. Rev., 141, 5–34, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9336-1, 2008. a
Burch, J. L., Moore, T. E., Torbert, R. B., and Giles, B. L.: Magnetospheric Multiscale Overview and Science Objectives, Space Sci. Rev., 199, 5–21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0164-9, 2015. a, b
Chanteur, G.: Spatial Interpolation for Four Spacecraft: Theory, in: Analysis Methods for Multi-Spacecraft Data, edited by: Paschmann, G. and Daly, P. W., p. 349, ESA Publications Division, Noordwijk, the Netherlands, ISBN: 1608-280X, 1998. a, b, c
De Keyser, J.: Least-squares multi-spacecraft gradient calculation with automatic error estimation, Ann. Geophys., 26, 3295–3316, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-3295-2008, 2008. a, b, c, d
De Keyser, J., Darrouzet, F., Dunlop, M. W., and Décréau, P. M. E.: Least-squares gradient calculation from multi-point observations of scalar and vector fields: methodology and applications with Cluster in the plasmasphere, Ann. Geophys., 25, 971–987, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-971-2007, 2007. a, b, c, d, e, f
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Short summary
Multiple spacecraft can operate jointly to detect quantities that are unattainable with a single spacecraft. Present constellations typically consist of four spacecraft, and it is established that a planar distribution of the spacecraft should be avoided. This study addresses the configuration problem for future missions of more spacecraft to measure physical gradients of higher orders. As for quadratic gradients, spacecraft must not be on any quadric surface, such as a sphere or cylinder.