Annales Geophysicae
Annales Geophysicae
ANGEO
Articles | Volume 40, issue 4
Articles | Volume 40, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-519-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-519-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 40, issue 4
Regular paper
 | 
02 Aug 2022
Regular paper |  | 02 Aug 2022

Arecibo measurements of D-region electron densities during sunset and sunrise: implications for atmospheric composition

Carsten Baumann, Antti Kero, Shikha Raizada, Markus Rapp, Michael P. Sulzer, Pekka T. Verronen, and Juha Vierinen

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Latest update: 03 Nov 2025
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Short summary
The Arecibo radar was used to probe free electrons of the ionized atmosphere between 70 and 100 km altitude. This is also the altitude region were meteors evaporate and form secondary particulate matter, the so-called meteor smoke particles (MSPs). Free electrons attach to these MSPs when the sun is below the horizon and cause a drop in the number of free electrons, which are the subject of these measurements. We also identified a different number of free electrons during sunset and sunrise.
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