In December 2021 the agonic line crossed the Royal Observatory of Madrid on its westward drift. The previous cross of the agonic line, drifting eastward, is not accurately dated because declination measurements of that time are scarce. After collecting the data made in the Iberian Peninsula over the last 500 years and reducing them to the ROM coordinates, a geomagnetic declination curve has been generated. As a result, the previous cross of the agonic line has been dated around the year 1652.

Geosystemics studies the Earth system as a whole, focusing on the possible coupling among the Earth layers, and using universal entropic tools. In this paper, earthquakes are considered as a long term chain of processes involving the coupling of the solid earth with the above neutral and ionized atmosphere, and finally culminating with the main rupture along the fault of concern. Some case studies are presented.

In this study we analyzed ~ 17 years of GPS data from receivers installed in the observatory of Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. We statistically analyzed the occurrence of GPS signal amplitude fluctuations caused by irregularities in the Earth's upper atmosphere. These signal fluctuations are known to provoke positional errors for GPS users. The results revealed that the secular variations in the Earth’s magnetic field are affecting the climatology of such GPS signal fluctuations.

Ionospheric disturbances observed in Antarctica during a moderately strong geomagnetic storm caused by the impact of a coronal mass ejection from the Sun are presented here. The ionosphere behavior was analyzed using GNSS and ionosonde observations at middle and high latitudes. The results showed that the impact promptly affected the ionosphere from the Equator to the high latitudes, resulting in strong irregularities, particularly at middle and high latitudes, which can affect GPS users.