Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-1121-2003
© Author(s) 2003. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-1121-2003
© Author(s) 2003. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
31 May 2003
Variations in the polar cap area during two substorm cycles
S. E. Milan
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
M. Lester
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
S. W. H. Cowley
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
K. Oksavik
Department of Physics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
M. Brittnacher
University of Washington, Geophysics Program, Seattle, Washington, USA
R. A. Greenwald
The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA
G. Sofko
Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, Department of Physics and Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
J.-P. Villain
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
Viewed
Total article views: 3,340 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 01 Feb 2013)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,792 | 1,440 | 108 | 3,340 | 154 | 189 |
- HTML: 1,792
- PDF: 1,440
- XML: 108
- Total: 3,340
- BibTeX: 154
- EndNote: 189
Cited
138 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Cross‐Scale Quantification of Storm‐Time Dayside Magnetospheric Magnetic Flux Content M. Akhavan‐Tafti et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028027
- Remote sensing of the spatial and temporal structure of magnetopause and magnetotail reconnection from the ionosphere G. Chisham et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007RG000223
- Solar wind‐driven Pc5 waves observed at a polar cap station and in the near cusp ionosphere M. De Lauretis et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023477
- Cluster Observation of Ion Outflow in Middle Altitude LLBL/Cusp from Different Origins B. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9020039
- A Quantitative Analysis of the Uncertainties on Reconnection Electric Field Estimates Using Ionospheric Measurements S. Gasparini et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032599
- Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling: Implications of Non-Equilibrium Conditions M. Lockwood & S. Cowley https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.908571
- Dynamics of polar boundary of the auroral oval derived from the IMAGE satellite data R. Lukianova & A. Kozlovsky https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010952513010061
- Superposed epoch analysis of the ionospheric convection evolution during substorms: IMF BY dependence A. Grocott et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015728
- Magnetotail magnetic flux monitoring based on simultaneous solar wind and magnetotail observations M. Shukhtina et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022911
- Polar particle flux distribution and its spatial extent O. Yakovchuk & J. Wissing https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2023009
- MHD simulation of energy transfer across magnetopause during sudden changes of the IMF orientation H. Jing et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2014.04.001
- Statistics of geomagnetic storms: Global simulations perspective T. Pulkkinen et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.972150
- Response of the magnetotail to changes in the open flux content of the magnetosphere S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JA010350
- An Empirical Model of the Proton Isotropic Boundary (IB) L. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030843
- SuperDARN observations of the driver wave associated with FLRs A. Nedie et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017387
- Implications of rapid planetary rotation for the Dungey magnetotail of Saturn S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010716
- Magnetospheric Flux Throughput in the Dungey Cycle: Identification of Convection State During 2010 S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028437
- Sun-to-Mud observations of the May and October storms of 2024: impacts on Ireland’s Space Weather A. Fogg et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2025044
- An Improved Estimation of SuperDARN Heppner‐Maynard Boundaries Using AMPERE Data A. Fogg et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027218
- Review of Ionospheric Effects of Solar Wind Magnetosphere Coupling in the Context of the Expanding Contracting Polar Cap Boundary Model M. Lester et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-006-9132-8
- Response of the expanding/contracting polar cap to weak and strong solar wind driving: Implications for substorm onset S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013340
- Auroral Oval Morphology Extraction Based on U-net from Ultraviolet Aurora Observation Z. WANG et al. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2021.04.667
- Open flux estimates in Saturn's magnetosphere during the January 2004 Cassini‐HST campaign, and implications for reconnection rates S. Badman et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011240
- Substorm‐Ring Current Coupling: A Comparison of Isolated and Compound Substorms J. Sandhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA026766
- Seasonal and interplanetary magnetic field–dependent polar cap contraction during substorm expansion phase K. Laundal et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015910
- The Association of Cusp‐Aligned Arcs With Plasma in the Magnetotail Implies a Closed Magnetosphere S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031419
- Unsteady Magnetopause Reconnection Under Quasi‐Steady Solar Wind Driving Y. Zou et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096583
- High‐latitude energy input and its impact on the thermosphere G. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA022294
- F region ionosphere effects on the mapping accuracy of SuperDARN HF radar echoes X. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RS005957
- Magnetic flux transport in the Dungey cycle: A survey of dayside and nightside reconnection rates S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JA011642
- Quiet time observations of the open‐closed boundary prior to the CIR‐induced storm of 9 August 2008 K. Urban et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011SW000688
- Interhemispheric observations of emerging polar cap asymmetries K. Laundal et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA015160
- The Equatorward Boundary of the Auroral Current System During Magnetic Storms J. Weygand et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031510
- Cassini multi‐instrument assessment of Saturn's polar cap boundary S. Jinks et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020367
- Separating Contributions to Plasma Vorticity in the High‐Latitude Ionosphere From Large‐Scale Convection and Meso‐Scale Turbulence G. Chisham & M. Freeman https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031885
- Effects of the interplanetary magnetic field on the location of the open‐closed field line boundary C. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022784
- Overview of Solar Wind–Magnetosphere–Ionosphere–Atmosphere Coupling and the Generation of Magnetospheric Currents S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0333-0
- Geomagnetic method for automatic diagnostics of auroral oval boundaries in two hemispheres of Earth Y. Penskikh et al. https://doi.org/10.12737/szf-72202106
- A simple model of the flux content of the distant magnetotail S. Milan https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010397
- The relationship between interhemispheric asymmetries in polar ionospheric convection and the magnetic field line footpoint displacement field K. Laundal et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.957223
- Assessment of sorghum anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum P. Henn.) intensity and its association with biophysical factors in Western and Southwestern regions of Ethiopia A. Gidesa et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70291
- Space- and ground-based investigations of solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.08.009
- Contributions of the driven process and the loading‐unloading process during substorms: A study based on the IMAGE‐SI12 imager C. Blockx et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013280
- Features of the planetary distribution of auroral precipitation characteristics during substorms V. Vorobjev et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793207020077
- Pressure balance across the magnetopause during the solar wind event on 5 June 1998 X. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2017.02.014
- Determination of Polar Cap Boundary for the Substorm Event of 8 March 2008 C. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2018.00050
- Hermean Magnetosphere-Solar Wind Interaction M. Fujimoto et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-007-9245-8
- Interaction evidence between Enceladus' atmosphere and Saturn's magnetosphere S. Wannawichian et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012899
- Modeling Birkeland currents in the expanding/contracting polar cap paradigm S. Milan https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50393
- Interplanetary magnetic field at ∼9 AU during the declining phase of the solar cycle and its implications for Saturn's magnetospheric dynamics C. Jackman et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010614
- Polar UVI images to study steady magnetospheric convection events: Initial results A. DeJong & C. Clauer https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024498
- The irregular pulse of the magnetosphere M. Walach https://doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/atw041
- An assessment of the length and variability of Mercury's magnetotail S. Milan & J. Slavin https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.05.007
- Does the polar cap disappear under an extended strong northward IMF? Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2009.09.005
- Auroral Oval Morphology: Dawn‐Dusk Asymmetry Partially Induced by Earth's Rotation M. Decotte et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031345
- Statistical relationships between enhanced polar cap flows and PBIs Y. Zou et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019269
- Dayside and nightside reconnection rates inferred from IMAGE FUV and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network data B. Hubert et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011140
- In situ observations of the effect of a solar wind compression on Saturn's magnetotail C. Jackman et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015312
- Morphological differences between Saturn's ultraviolet aurorae and those of Earth and Jupiter J. Clarke et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03331
- Comparative study of large‐scale auroral signatures of substorms, steady magnetospheric convection events, and sawtooth events M. Walach et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA023991
- Open‐closed field line boundary position: A parametric study using an MHD model K. Kabin et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JA010168
- Global morphology of substorm growth phases observed by the IMAGE‐SI12 imager V. Coumans et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012329
- Control of the spatial dynamics of the polar cap and auroral oval based on data from the Greenland network of magnetic stations N. Barkhatov et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793207020090
- Dayside Aurora H. Frey et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-019-0617-7
- In situ magnetotail magnetic flux calculation M. Shukhtina & E. Gordeev https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-769-2015
- The Dynamics of Saturn's Main Aurorae A. Bader et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084620
- Probing the Magnetic Structure of a Pair of Transpolar Arcs With a Solar Wind Pressure Step S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027196
- Magnetic local time variation and scaling of poleward auroral boundary dynamics N. Longden et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020430
- Observations of nightside magnetic reconnection during substorm growth and expansion phases M. Lam et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011356
- Dynamic temporal evolution of polar cap tongue of ionization during magnetic storm K. Hosokawa et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015848
- SuperDARN: An example of a network approach to geospace science in the twenty-first century M. Lester https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2008.08.003
- A Survey of 25 Years' Transpolar Voltage Data From the SuperDARN Radar Network and the Expanding‐Contracting Polar Cap Model M. Lockwood & K. McWilliams https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029554
- Magnetotail Flux Accumulation Leads to Substorm Current Wedge Formation: A Case Study X. Chu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028342
- Effects of the evolving early Moon and Earth magnetospheres J. Green et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1112233
- Magnetic field structure of Saturn's dayside magnetosphere and its mapping to the ionosphere: Results from ring current modeling E. Bunce et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012538
- Colocated Observations of the E and F Region Thermosphere During a Substorm D. Billett et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028165
- A statistical comparison of SuperDARN spectral width boundaries and DMSP particle precipitation boundaries in the nightside ionosphere G. Chisham et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019074
- Ionospheric signatures of plasma injections in the cusp triggered by solar wind pressure pulses J. Cerisier et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010962
- Magnetic reconnection during steady magnetospheric convection and other magnetospheric modes B. Hubert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-505-2017
- Open flux in Saturn’s magnetosphere S. Badman et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.12.004
- Substorms and polar cap convection: the 10 January 2004 interplanetary CME case Y. Andalsvik et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-67-2012
- Swarm Satellite and EISCAT Radar Observations of a Plasma Flow Channel in the Auroral Oval Near Magnetic Midnight A. Aikio et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025409
- A new auroral boundary determination algorithm based on observations from TIMED/GUVI and DMSP/SSUSI G. Ding et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023295
- Extended SuperDARN and IMAGE observations for northward IMF: Evidence for dual lobe reconnection M. Marcucci et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012466
- Causes of hemispheric differences in polar cap indices M. Lockwood https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2023.106153
- A decade of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN): scientific achievements, new techniques and future directions G. Chisham et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-007-9017-8
- North–South Asymmetries in Earth’s Magnetic Field K. Laundal et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0273-0
- A superposed epoch analysis of the regions 1 and 2 Birkeland currents observed by AMPERE during substorms J. Coxon et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020500
- Modeling the observed proton aurora and ionospheric convection responses to changes in the IMF clock angle: 2. Persistence of ionospheric convection M. Lockwood et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JA010307
- Real-time determination and monitoring of the auroral electrojet boundaries M. Johnsen https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2013050
- MESSENGER Observations of Magnetotail Loading and Unloading: Implications for Substorms at Mercury S. Imber & J. Slavin https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024332
- Response of northern winter polar cap to auroral substorms K. Liou & T. Sotirelis https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068039
- Energetic Particle Signatures Above Saturn's Aurorae A. Bader et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027403
- Comparison of magnetotail magnetic flux estimates based on global auroral images and simultaneous solar wind—magnetotail measurements M. Shukhtina et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2010.09.013
- Evolution of Asymmetrically Displaced Footpoints During Substorms A. Ohma et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025869
- A statistical study of the open magnetic flux content of the magnetosphere at the time of substorm onset P. Boakes et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL037059
- Activation of the tail open part during the magnetospheric storm V. Mishin et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S001095251204003X
- What controls the local time extent of flux transfer events? S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA022012
- Universal Time variations in the magnetosphere M. Lockwood & S. Milan https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1139295
- Relationship between interplanetary magnetic field clock angle and magnetosphere open magnetic flux Z. Xia et al. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2014.01.024
- Modeled variations of the reconnection electric field at the dayside magnetopause during continued flux transfer event activity T. Penz et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JA011937
- Comparison of photometer and global MHD determination of the open‐closed field line boundary I. Rae et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JA009968
- IMF effect on the polar cap contraction and expansion during a period of substorms A. Aikio et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1021-2013
- Solar Wind‐Magnetosphere Coupling During High‐Intensity Long‐Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA032027
- The evolution of geomagnetotail magnetic flux in isolated substorms Y. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2017.08.016
- Substorm Onset Latitude and the Steadiness of Magnetospheric Convection S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025969
- Substorm Current Wedge Revisited L. Kepko et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-014-0124-9
- Interhemispheric study of polar cap patch occurrence based on Swarm in situ data A. Spicher et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023750
- Simultaneous ground-based optical and SuperDARN observations of the shock aurora at MLT noon J. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0291-2
- GPS scintillations in the high latitudes during periods of dayside and nightside reconnection L. Clausen et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA022199
- Geomagnetic method for automatic diagnostics of auroral oval boundaries in two hemispheres of Earth Y. Penskikh et al. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-72202106
- Bifurcations of the main auroral ring at Saturn: ionospheric signatures of consecutive reconnection events at the magnetopause A. Radioti et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016661
- Correlative variations of the neutral atom emission in the high‐altitude cusp and the fast anti‐sunward convection in the low‐altitude cusp Y. Murata et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012404
- Multi‐Instrument Observations of the Effects of a Solar Wind Pressure Pulse on the High Latitude Ionosphere: A Detailed Case Study of a Geomagnetic Sudden Impulse A. Fogg et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA031136
- The Development of a Space Climatology: 1. Solar Wind Magnetosphere Coupling as a Function of Timescale and the Effect of Data Gaps M. Lockwood et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW001856
- Storm time polar cap expansion: interplanetary magnetic field clock angle dependence B. Tulegenov et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-41-39-2023
- IMPALAS: Investigation of MagnetoPause Activity using Longitudinally-Aligned Satellites—a mission concept proposed for the ESA M3 2020/2022 launch C. Owen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-011-9245-2
- A Possible Mechanism on the Detachment Between a Subauroral Proton Arc and the Auroral Oval S. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028493
- Looking through the oval window S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2008.49416.x
- Climatology of the open–closed boundary using ULF wave observations from South Pole, McMurdo, and distributed Antarctic AGOs R. Frissell et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2024.1396527
- AXIOM: advanced X-ray imaging of the magnetosphere G. Branduardi-Raymont et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-011-9239-0
- Principal component analysis of Birkeland currents determined by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021680
- Relation between magnetopause position and reconnection rate under quasi-steady solar wind dynamic pressure H. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-024-02101-9
- Both solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling and ring current intensity control of the size of the auroral oval S. Milan https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039997
- Review of the accomplishments of mid-latitude Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radars N. Nishitani et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-019-0270-5
- Observational evidence of the loading‐unloading substorm scheme M. Shukhtina et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023779
- Polar Cap Boundary Identification Using Redline Optical Data and DMSP Satellite Particle Data B. Gallardo‐Lacourt et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA030148
- A superposed epoch investigation of the relation between magnetospheric solar wind driving and substorm dynamics with geosynchronous particle injection signatures P. Boakes et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016007
- Cusp and LLBL as sources of the isolated dayside auroral feature during northward IMF S. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010619
- Ionospheric Boundaries Derived From Auroral Images G. Chisham et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030622
- A Holistic Approach to the SMILE Mission and SMILE Public Engagement J. Carter et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-025-01175-5
- Examining Local Time Variations in the Gains and Losses of Open Magnetic Flux During Substorms M. Mooney et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027369
- Review of Environmental Monitoring by Means of Radio Waves in the Polar Regions: From Atmosphere to Geospace L. Alfonsi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-022-09734-z
- Characteristics of plasma flows at the inner edge of the plasma sheet R. McPherron et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015923
- Bifurcated Region 2 Field‐Aligned Currents Associated With Substorms H. Sangha et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027041
- Spatial characteristics of the dayside auroral ionosphere observed by Incoherent Scatter Radar I. Frøystein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-44-577-2026
- Formation and motion of a transpolar arc in response to dayside and nightside reconnection S. Milan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010835
- Comparison of the open‐closed separatrix in a global magnetospheric simulation with observations: The role of the ring current I. Rae et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA015068
Latest update: 12 Aug 2026
